Reduction of a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy on \(T^\ast\text{U}(n)\) to spin Ruijsenaars-Sutherland models (Q1987170)

The purpose of this paper is to describe a deeper investigation of many-body problems that have been previously investigated by Calogero, Moser, Sutherland, Ruijsenaars and Schneider in a series of papers. All these works consider examples of finite-dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems that have a considerable diversity of physical applications. Here the author reconsiders the Hamiltonian structure of a system of evolution equations that falls into this family of integrable models. The equations of interest have the form \[ \dot{Q} = \mathrm{diag} (i L^k) Q\text{ and }\dot{L} = [R(Q)(i L^k), L], \] where \(Q\) is a diagonal unitary matrix with distinct eigenvalues and \(L\) is a \(n \times n\) Hermitian matrix. The matrix \(R\) is the linear operator on \({gl} (n, \mathbb{C})\) that acts as zero on the diagonal matrices and on the off-diagonal matrices according to \(R(Q) = \frac{1}{2} (\mathrm{Ad}_Q +\mathrm{id}) (\mathrm{Ad}_Q - \mathrm{id})^{-1}\) where \(\mathrm{Ad}_Q (X) = Q X Q^{-1}\). The inverse is well defined on the off-diagonal subspace because of the regularity of \(Q\). Before getting to applications to the spin Sutherland and spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider systems, the author develops results describing two compatible Poisson structures on the cotangent bundle \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\) of the unitary group \(\mathrm{U}(n)\). He does this in such a way that he gets a bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy from the invariant functions of the \(u (n)^*\)-valued momenta. The first Poisson structure is the canonical one and the second comes from the Heisenberg double of the Poisson-Lie group \(\mathrm{U}(n)\) being embedded into \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\). The Poisson structure is then subsequently embedded into the full cotangent bundle. Following this the author applies Poisson reduction to the bi-Hamiltonian hierarchy on \(T^*\mathrm{U}(n)\) using as an action conjugation by \(\mathrm{U}(n)\). The author then shows that the reduced hierarchy fits in the overlap of the spin Sutherland and spin Ruijsenaars-Schneider integrable many-body models. He then takes another look at these models from a bi-Hamiltonian perspective.