On Bloch-Kato Selmer groups and Iwasawa theory of \(p\)-adic Galois representations (Q1998997)

Let \(f\) be a newform of even weight \(k\geqslant 4\) and level \(\Gamma_0(N)\), and let \(p\) be a prime such that \(p\nmid 2N\) and \(p\) is ordinary for \(f\) (i.e. no prime above \(p\) divides the \(p\)-th Fourier coefficient of \(f\)). The paper deals with the computation of the (truncated) Euler Characteristic for the Greenberg Selmer groups \(S_G(f/F_\infty)\) associated to the Deligne representation attached to \(f\) and to the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension \(F_\infty/F\) of a number field \(F\). The authors generalize an analogous formula by \textit{R. Greenberg} [Lect. Notes Math. 1716, 51--144 (1999: Zbl 0946.11027)] for elliptic curves defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\) (i.e., newforms of weight 2), but their formula is much simpler thanks to several technical hypotheses which are verified by the Deligne representations they are interested in (for example we mention that the representation has to be self-dual, crystalline and ordinary at primes dividing \(p\) and certain local cohomology groups \(H^0\) have to be trivial at primes dividing \(p\)). Assuming the Bloch-Kato Selmer group \(S_{BK}(f/F)\) over \(F\) is finite, they prove that the Pontrjagin dual of \(S_G(f/F_\infty)\) is a finitely generated torsion module over the appropriate Iwasawa algebra \(\Lambda:=\mathcal{O}[\mathrm{Gal}(F_\infty/F)]]\) (where \(\mathcal{O}\supset \mathbb{Z}_p\)). Moreover they show that the special value at 0 of its characteristic ideal \((\mathcal{F})\subset \Lambda\) can be computed via the Euler Characteristic of \(S_G(f/F_\infty)\), i.e., \[ \# \mathcal{O}/(\mathcal{F}(0))=\# S_G(f/F_\infty)^\Gamma / \# S_G(f/F_\infty)_\Gamma \,,\] where \(S_G(f/F_\infty)^\Gamma\) (resp. \(S_G(f/F_\infty)_\Gamma\)) is the module of invariants (resp. coinvariants) with respect to \(\Gamma\). Then, via a careful analysis of the local conditions (i.e., local cohomology submodules) defining the Selmer group, the authors are able to compute \(\# S_G(f/F_\infty)^\Gamma\) in terms of \(\# S_{BK}(f/F)\) and local Tamagawa factors \(c_v(f)\) (which, in particular, take care of the different definition of \(S_{BK}\) and \(S_G\) at primes dividing \(p\), without providing extra factors because almost all of them are trivial thanks to the technical hypotheses mentioned above). Finally, while generalizing other results on the surjectivity of the local maps defining the Selmer groups and on the absence of non-trivial pseudo-null \(\Lambda\)-submodules, they prove \(S_G(f/F_\infty)_\Gamma\) is trivial and provide their final formula for the special value \(\mathcal{F}(0)\), i.e., \[ \# \mathcal{O}/(\mathcal{F}(0)) = \# S_{BK}(f/F) \cdot \prod_{\begin{subarray}{c} v\ \mathrm{ram},\ v\nmid p \\ \text{ or } v\ \mathrm{arch} \end{subarray}} c_v(f) \ .\]