Kolyvagin systems and Iwasawa theory of generalized Heegner cycles (Q2272780)

Iwasawa theory of Heegner points on abelian varieties of \(\mathrm{GL}_2\) type has been studied extensively in the last decades. The aim of this article is to describe analogues of some of these results, where abelian varieties are replaced by a certain Galois cohomology group of Deligne's \(p\)-adic representation attached to a modular form of even weight greater than \(2\). The substitute for Heegner points are generalized Heegner cycles defined by \textit{M. Bertolini} et al. [Duke Math. J. 162, No. 6, 1033--1148 (2013; Zbl 1302.11043)] or rather a variant thereof due to \textit{F. Castella} and \textit{M.-L. Hsieh} [Math. Ann. 370, No. 1--2, 567--628 (2018; Zbl 1454.11122)]. More precisely, let \(f\) be a normalized newform of even weight \(k \geq 4\) and level \(\Gamma_0(N)\), \(N \geq 3\), which is not a CM form. Let \(p \nmid N\) be a prime and choose a prime \(\mathfrak{p} \mid p\) in the totally real field \(F\) which is generated by the Fourier coefficients of \(f\). Moreover, let \(K\) be an imaginary quadratic field and \(K_{\infty}\) its anticyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension. The authors work under the condition that the triple \((f,K, \mathfrak p)\) is `admissible'. We will not give the precise definition here, but we point out that this in particular implies that \(p\) is unramified in \(F\), all primes dividing \(Np\) split in \(K\) and the \(p\)-th Fourier coefficient is a unit at \(\mathfrak{p}\). Let \(V\) be the \(k/2\)-th Tate twist of Deligne's \(p\)-adic representation of \(G_{\mathbb Q}\) attached to \(f\) at \(\mathfrak{p}\). \textit{J. Nekovář} [Invent. Math. 107, No. 1, 99--126 (1992; Zbl 0729.14004)] has defined a certain Galois invariant sublattice \(T\) in \(V\). The main result is then concerned with the Iwasawa module structure of \(\mathcal{X}_{\infty}\), the Pontryagin dual of the `finite' (in the sense of Bloch and Kato) Galois cohomology group \(H^1_f(K_{\infty}, V/T)\). Let \(\Lambda\) be the corresponding Iwasawa algebra and let \(\iota: \Lambda \rightarrow \Lambda\) be the involution induced by inversion on \(\mathrm{Gal}(K_{\infty}/K)\). It is shown that there is a pseudo-isomorphism \[ \mathcal{X}_{\infty} \stackrel{\sim}{\longrightarrow}\Lambda \oplus M \oplus M, \] where \(M\) is a finitely generated torsion \(\Lambda\)-module such that its characteristic ideal is invariant under \(\iota\). Moreover, the characteristic ideal of \(M\) divides that of \(H^1_f(K_{\infty}, T) / \mathcal{H}_{\infty}\), where \(\mathcal{H}_{\infty}\) is a certain \(\Lambda\)-submodule built in terms of generalized Heegner cycles. In a slightly more general context, the authors also propose a main conjecture so that one can view the above as one divisibility of that conjecture. The proof of the main result is an extension of arguments of \textit{B. Howard} [Compos. Math. 140, No. 6, 1439--1472 (2004; Zbl 1139.11316); Duke Math. J. 124, No. 1, 1--45 (2004; Zbl 1068.11071)] to higher weights. Very similar results have been obtained by \textit{O. Fouquet} [Compos. Math. 149, No. 3, 356--416 (2013; Zbl 1286.11066)] in the context of Hida families of modular forms.