Singular soliton operators and indefinite metrics (Q2015845)

The authors consider Sturm-Liouville equations \[ L\Psi \equiv -\Psi''(x)+u(x)\Psi (x)=\lambda \Psi (x) \] whose local solutions are meromorphic in \(x\) for all \(\lambda\). Such are operators \(L\), for which there exists a linear differential operator \(A\) of odd order such that \([L,A]=0\). In particular, this class contains operators with singular finite-gap and singular soliton potentials. The operators are considered on certain classes of functions with singularities, where they are symmetric with respect to an indefinite inner product with a finite number of negative squares. A spectral theory of these operators is developed both for periodic and rapidly decreasing potentials. Connections with the time dynamics provided by the KdV hierarchy are studied. As the authors say, ``the right analog of Fourier transform on Riemann Surfaces with good multiplicative properties (the R-Fourier transform) is a partial case of this theory. The potential has a pole in this case at \(x=0\) with asymptotics \(u\sim g(g+1)/x^2\). Here \(g\) is the genus of spectral curve''.