Dimensions of some fractals defined via the semigroup generated by 2 and 3 (Q2017137)

The Hausdorff and Minkowski (box counting) dimensions are computed for special subsets of the space \(\Sigma_m = \{ 0,1,\dots , m-1\}^{\mathbb{N}}\). The subsets are such that they are invariant under the indices being multiplied by integers taken from some semi-group of integers. In particular the central example is \(X^{(m)}_{2,3}= \{ x \in \Sigma_m\mid \forall k \geq 1, x_k x_{2k} x_{3k}=0\}\) which is invariant when the indices are multiplied by any integer divisible by \(2\) or \(3\). Computing the dimensions of such sets is interesting because they are not self-similar sets for which there are nice formulae. If the elements of \(X_{2,3}\) are partitioned into collections with a common prefix these collections are not all equal for a generic prefix. This lack of spherical symmetry is the cause for the Hausdorff dimension being strictly smaller than the Minkowski dimension. Lastly the authors exploit a combinatorial argument to effectively estimate the dimensions of \(X^{(m)}_{2,3}\) as \[ \dim_{\mathrm{Haus}}(X^{(2)}_{2,3}) \leq 0.9405728 < 0.9573399 \leq \dim_{\mathrm{Mink}}(X^{(2)}_{2,3}). \] The authors discuss the connections between this problem and the behavior of multiple ergodic averages and multi-fractal analysis. This paper is motivated by the circle of papers [\textit{A.-H. Fan} et al., Monatsh. Math. 168, No. 1, 17--26 (2012; Zbl 1263.37041)], [\textit{A. Fan} et al., C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 349, No. 17--18, 961--964 (2011; Zbl 1233.37005)], and [\textit{R. Kenyon} et al., Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 32, No. 5, 1567--1584 (2012; Zbl 1277.37023)] where the multifractal spectrum and dimensions of the sets \(X^{(m)}_{2}\) are studied and computed, culminating in this paper with the formulae for the dimensions of the sets \(X^{(m)}_{2,3,\dots , n}\).