On the unique unexpected quartic in \(\mathbb{P}^2\) (Q2025148)

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On the unique unexpected quartic in \(\mathbb{P}^2\)
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    On the unique unexpected quartic in \(\mathbb{P}^2\) (English)
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    11 May 2021
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    In the paper under review, the authors show that there exists a unique unexpected curve of degree \(4\). Let \(P_{1}, \dots, P_{r} \in \mathbb{P}^{2}\) be a finite set of points and denote by \(X = m_{1}P_{1} + \dots + m_{r}P_{r}\) the fat point subscheme with the multiplicities \(m_{1}, \dots, m_{r}\). The associated ideal with \(X\) is defined as \[I(X) = I_{1}^{m_{1}}\, \cap \dots \cap\, I_{r}^{m_{r}},\] where \(I_{i}\) is the defining ideal of \(P_{i}\), Moreover, by \(I(X)_{d}\) we indicate the homogeneous component of degree \(d\) of \(I(X)\). We can define an unexpected curve as follows. Definition. Let \(d \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\). We say that a finite set of distinct points \(Z \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}\) admits an unexpected curve of degree \(d\) if \[\dim I(Z + (d-1)P)_{d} > \max\bigg\{\dim I(Z)_{d} - \binom{d}{2},0\bigg\},\] for a general point \(P \in \mathbb{P}^{2}\). Let us present the main construction of the paper under review leading to the main result. Let \(P_{1}, P_{2}, P_{3}, P_{4} \in \mathbb{P}^{2}\) be four points in general position. The lines joining any two of them determine three intersection points \(P_{5},P_{6},P_{7}\). Now we take a line through any two of the points \(P_{5},P_{6}\) and \(P_{7}\), and we call the intersection points with the previous lines by \(P_{8},P_{9}\). We define \(Z = \{P_{1}, \dots, P_{9}\}\). Even if the construction of the points \(P_{8}\) and \(P_{9}\) depends on the choice of two points among \(Z_{5},Z_{6}\), and \(Z_{7}\), the three possible choices provide three projectively equivalent configurations of nine points. Analyzing the geometry of the points, the authors provide the following main result. Theorem. Up to the projective equivalence, the configuration of points \(Z \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}\) described above is the only one which admits an unexpected curve of degree four.
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    SHGH conjecture
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    unexpected curves
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    unexpected quartic
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