Unexpected curves arising from special line arrangements (Q2304209)

In the paper under, review the authors study the existence of unexpected curves associated with the dual configurations of points to supersolvable arrangements of lines in the complex projective plane. Let \(S = \mathbb{C}[x_{0},x_{1},x_{2}]\) be the standard graded ring of polynomials with complex coefficients. A fat point of multiplicity \(j\) and support \(P \in \mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}\) is the zero-dimensional scheme defined by the \(j\)-th power \(I(P)^{j}\) of the ideal \(I(P)\) defining the point \(P\). We will denote it scheme-theoretically by \(jP\). A homogeneous polynomial \(f \in S\) belongs to \(I(P)^{j}\) if and only if all partial derivatives of \(f\) of order \(j-1\) vanish at \(P\). This gives exactly \(j(j+1)/2\) linear conditions. Definition. Let \(Z = P_{1} + \dots + P_{s}\) be a set of reduced points in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}\). We say that \(Z\) admits an unexpected curve of degree \(j+1\) if for a general point \(Q \in \mathbb{P}^{2}_{\mathbb{C}}\) we have that \[ \dim_{\mathbb{C}}[I(Z+jQ)]_{j+1} > \max \bigg\{ \dim_{\mathbb{C}}[I(Z)]_{j+1} - j(j+1)/2, 0 \bigg\}, \] where \(I(Z+jQ) = I(Z) \cap I(Q)^{j}\). Let us recall that a line arrangement \(\mathcal{A}\) in the projective plane is called supersolvable if there exists a modular point, i.e., an intersection point \(P\) in the arrangement \(\mathcal{A}\) such that for every intersection point \(Q \in \mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{A})\) the line determined by the points \(P\) and \(Q\) belongs to \(\mathcal{A}\). Main Result. Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be a supersolvable line arrangement in the complex projective plane and let \(d\) be the number of lines in \(\mathcal{A}\). Denote by \(m = m(\mathcal{A})\) the maximum multiplicity of intersection points in \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{A})\). Then the set of points \(Z\) dual to \(\mathcal{A}\) admits an unexpected curve if and only if \(d > 2m\). More precisely, \(Z\) admits an unexpected curve of degree \(k\) if and only if \(m \leq k \leq d - m - 1\). Moreover, when \(d > 2m\), there is a unique unexpected curve of degree \(m\).