Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing fails for log del Pezzo surfaces in characteristic 3 (Q2031525)

The author of the paper under review works over a field of characteristic \(p>0\). A normal projective variety \(X\) has \textit{klt} singularities if for any birational morphism \(\pi\colon Y \to X\) with \(Y\) normal, one has \(K_Y \sim_{\mathbb{Q}} \pi^*K_X + \sum_i a_i E_i \), with \(a_i>-1\) for all \(i\). One says that \(X\) is \textit{Cohen-Macaulay} if for every closed point \(x\in X\) the following holds: \(\mathrm{depth}(\mathcal{O}_{X,x})=\dim(\mathcal{O}_{X,x})\). The main result of the paper under review is in characteristic \(p=3\): the author produces an example of a del Pezzo surface with Picard rank one and klt singularities which violates \textit{Kawamata-Viehweg vanishing theorem} (cf. Theorem~3.6). More precisely, this surface \(T\) contains an ample \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Cartier divisor \(A\) such that \[ H^1(T,\mathcal{O}_T(-A))\neq 0. \] The construction is inspired by the examples introduced by \textit{S. Keel} and \textit{J. McKernan} [Rational curves on quasi-projective surfaces. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1999; Zbl 0955.14031)] and later developed by P\textit{P. Cascini} and \textit{H. Tanaka} [Eur. J. Math. 4, No. 1, 162--176 (2018; Zbl 1388.14055)] in characteristic \(p=2\). In Section 4, as a corollary, the author answers a question by \textit{C. Hacon} and \textit{J. Witaszek} [Algebr. Geom. 6, No. 5, 516--529 (2019; Zbl 1439.14056)] and \textit{S. J. Kovács} [Contemp. Math. 712, 251--259 (2018; Zbl 1407.14001)], producing an example of klt threefold in characteristic 3 which is not Cohen-Macaulay (cf. Theorem 4.2). This is obtained via a generalised cone construction over the del Pezzo surface \(T\). The final section of the paper under review is devoted to the proof of a Kodaira-type vanishing theorem for klt del Pezzo surfaces over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p\ge 5\) (cf. Theorem 5.6).