Discontinuous, although ``highly'' differentiable, real functions and algebraic genericity (Q2033130)

The article deals with functions \(\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) that are both continuous and discontinuous on dense subsets of \(\mathbb R\), and reveal moreover some differentiability properties. The central point is a study of analytic properties of the function \(L_if\colon(0,\infty)\to\mathbb R\) of the form \[L_if(t)=\mathbb Ef\biggl(\biggl\lceil\frac{N_t+i}t\biggr\rceil\biggr),\] where \((f(k))_{k=0}^\infty\) is a sequence of reals such that \(f(k)=O(e^{\alpha k})\) for some \(\alpha>0\), \(i\in\mathbb N\cup\{0\}\), and the random variable \(N_t\) has Poisson distribution with parameter \(t\), i.e., \(N_t=k\) has probability \(t^ke^{-t}/k!\). It is proved, among others, that \(L_if\) is continuous at all irrationals and right continuous at every rational. Moreover, \(L_0f\) is right differentiable at every rational and upper left Dini differentiable at every irrational (Theorem 2.1). A certain choice of \(f\) leads to a bounded function \(\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) that is continuous and upper left Dini differentiable on \(\mathbb R\setminus \mathbb Q\), left discontinuous and right differentiable on \(\mathbb Q\), and with a local minimum at every rational (Corollary 3.1). The remaining part contains some results revealing the structure of an infinite \(\mathfrak c\)-dimensional space in \(\mathcal F\cup\{0\}\), for the class \(\mathcal F\) of all functions \(\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) that are bilaterally discontinuous on a countable dense set, continuous on the complement of this set, and almost everywhere differentiable (Theorem 3.4). The result is then extended to a \(\mathfrak c\)-dimensional algebra found in \(\mathcal F\cup\{0\}\). This part goes along expected lines, with constructions based on the classical (Riemann) function \(f_\nu\): \(f_\nu(p/q)=1/q^\nu\), \(p,q\in\mathbb Z\), \(q\ne0\), \(\gcd\mkern1.4mu(p,q)=1\); \(f=0\) on \(\mathbb R\setminus \mathbb Q\).