The Deligne-Illusie theorem and exceptional Enriques surfaces (Q2040969)

Let \(p\) be a prime number and \(k\) a perfect field of characteristic \(p\). We consider the ring of Witt vectors \(W=W(k)\) and its second truncation \(W_2=W/p^2W\). The main goal of this paper is to study the existence of a lift of a smooth proper \(k\)-scheme \(Y\) to the ring \(W_2\). The author provides a condition under which certain schemes \(Y\) do not lift. A technical condition which is used is the property that \(Y\) is \textit{Frobenius-split}, a notion introduced by \textit{V. B. Mehta} and \textit{A. Ramanathan} [Ann. Math. (2) 122, 27--40 (1985; Zbl 0601.14043)]. The main theorem states that a pre-Cartier-split but not Frobenius split scheme \(Y\) which satisfies a certain numerical criterion does not lift to the ring \(W_2\). The proof critically uses the results of \textit{P. Deligne} and \textit{L. Illusie} [Invent. Math. 89, 247--270 (1987; Zbl 0632.14017)]. If \(Y\) is an exceptional [\textit{T. Ekedahl} and \textit{N. I. Shepherd-Barron}, ``On exceptional Enriques surfaces'', Preprint, \url{ arXiv:math/0405510}]) or supersingular Enriques surface the scheme \(Y\) does not lift to the ring \(W_2\) and the converse holds as well. Finally, an application is given to the non-liftability to \(W\) of certain bielliptic surfaces [\textit{E. Bombieri} and \textit{D. Mumford}, Invent. Math. 35, 197--232 (1976; Zbl 0336.14010); in: Complex Anal. Algebr. Geom., Collect. Pap. dedic. K. Kodaira, 23--42 (1977; Zbl 0348.14021)]]).