The Deligne-Illusie theorem and exceptional Enriques surfaces

Formal methods and deformations in algebraic geometry (14D15) Elliptic surfaces, elliptic or Calabi-Yau fibrations (14J27) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Vector bundles on surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties, and their moduli (14J60) Group schemes (14L15) Abelian categories, Grothendieck categories (18E10)

Abstract: Building on the results of Deligne and Illusie on liftings to truncated Witt vectors, we give a criterion for non-liftability that involves only the dimension of certain cohomology groups of vector bundles arising from the Frobenius pushforward of the de Rham complex. Using vector bundle methods, we apply this to show that exceptional Enriques surfaces, a class introduced by Ekedahl and Shepherd-Barron, do not lift to truncated Witt vectors, yet the base of the miniversal formal deformation over the Witt vectors is regular. Using the classification of Bombieri and Mumford, we also show that bielliptic surfaces arising from a quotient by an unipotent group scheme of order

p

do not lift the ring of Witt vectors. These results hinge on some observations in homological algebra that relates splittings in derived categories to Yoneda extensions and certain diagram completions.

Review text

Let \(p\) be a prime number and \(k\) a perfect field of characteristic \(p\). We consider the ring of Witt vectors \(W=W(k)\) and its second truncation \(W_2=W/p^2W\). The main goal of this paper is to study the existence of a lift of a smooth proper \(k\)-scheme \(Y\) to the ring \(W_2\). The author provides a condition under which certain schemes \(Y\) do not lift. A technical condition which is used is the property that \(Y\) is \textit{Frobenius-split}, a notion introduced by \textit{V. B. Mehta} and \textit{A. Ramanathan} [Ann. Math. (2) 122, 27--40 (1985; Zbl 0601.14043)]. The main theorem states that a pre-Cartier-split but not Frobenius split scheme \(Y\) which satisfies a certain numerical criterion does not lift to the ring \(W_2\). The proof critically uses the results of \textit{P. Deligne} and \textit{L. Illusie} [Invent. Math. 89, 247--270 (1987; Zbl 0632.14017)]. If \(Y\) is an exceptional [\textit{T. Ekedahl} and \textit{N. I. Shepherd-Barron}, ``On exceptional Enriques surfaces, Preprint, \url{ arXiv:math/0405510}]) or supersingular Enriques surface the scheme \(Y\) does not lift to the ring \(W_2\) and the converse holds as well. Finally, an application is given to the non-liftability to \(W\) of certain bielliptic surfaces [\textit{E. Bombieri} and \textit{D. Mumford}, Invent. Math. 35, 197--232 (1976; Zbl 0336.14010); in: Complex Anal. Algebr. Geom., Collect. Pap. dedic. K. Kodaira, 23--42 (1977; Zbl 0348.14021)]]).

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