Solution of a general version of Armacost's problem on topologically torsion elements (Q2043688)

For a fixed \(\alpha\in\left( 0,1\right] ,\) a sequence \(\left( x_{n}\right)\) in the additive circle \(\mathbb{T}\) (identified with the quotient group \(\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}\)) is said to converge \(\alpha\)-statistically to \(x_{0}\in\mathbb{T}\) if \[\limsup_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\left\vert \left\{ k\leq n\mid\left\Vert x_{n}-x_{0}\right\Vert \geq\varepsilon\right\} \right\vert}{n^{\alpha}}=0\text{ for each}\varepsilon>0, \] where \(\left\vert A\right\vert \) is the cardinality of a set \(A\) and \(\left\Vert x-y\right\Vert \) is defined by the arclength of the shortest arc (along the circle \(\mathbb{T}\)) from \(x\) to \(y.\) For \(\alpha=1,\) the \(\alpha\)-statistical convergence coincides with the usual statistical convergence.\par Let \(a=\left( a_{n}\right) \) be a strictly increasing sequence of natural numbers with \(a_{n}\left\vert a_{n+1}\right. \) for each \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). An element \(x\) of \(\mathbb{T}\) is called topologically \(a\)-torsion if \(a_{n}x\rightarrow0\) in \(\mathbb{T}.\) The subgroup consisting of all \(a\)-torsion elements is said to be characterized by the sequence \(a.\) In this definition, \textit{D. Dikranjan} et al. [Fundam. Math. 249, No. 2, 185--209 (2020; Zbl 1453.22003)] replaced the usual convergence by the statistical convergence and in \textit{K. Bose} et al. [Acta Math. Hung. 162, No. 2, 633--646 (2020; Zbl 1474.22008)], the condition \(a_{n}x\rightarrow0\) is replaced with the condition \(a_{n}x\rightarrow0\) \(\alpha\)-statistically. In the paper under review, the authors give a complete description of the subgroup \(\alpha \)-statistically characterized by an arithmetic sequence. Their main result provides answers to two open problems posed in the papers cited above.