Generating subgroups of the circle using statistical convergence of order \(\alpha\) (Q2221045)

Let \((a_n)\) be a sequence of integers. The characterized subgroup \(t_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) of \(\mathbb{T}\) is defined as the subgroup \(\{x\in\mathbb{T}\mid \{a_nx\}\to 0\ \;\text{in}\; \mathbb{T}\}\), where \(\{x\}\) is the fractional part of \(x\). In their previous paper \textit{D. Dikranjan} et al. [Fundam. Math. 249, No. 2, 185--209 (2020; Zbl 1453.22003)] the statistically characterized subgroup \(t^s_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) of \(\mathbb{T}\) was introduced by replacing convergence \(\{a_nx\}\to 0\) by statistically convergence, that is, for any \(\varepsilon>0\), \[\lim_{m\to\infty}\frac{\vert \{n\in\mathbb{N}\mid \{a_nx\}\geq\varepsilon\}\cap [1,m]\vert }{m}=0, \] where \([1,m]=\{1,2,\cdots,m\}\) and \(\vert A\vert \) is the cardinality of a set \(A\). Moreover, for \(\alpha\in (0,1)\), \(\alpha\)-statistically convergence is defined by replacing \(\lim\) with \(\lim\sup\) and \(m\) in the denominator with \(m^\alpha\). In this paper the authors introduce the \(\alpha\)-statistically characterized subgroup \(t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) of \(\mathbb{T}\) by replacing convergence \(\{a_nx\}\to 0\) by \(\alpha\)-statistically convergence and show that it is a Borel subgroup having cardinality \(\mathfrak{c}\) and lying between \(t_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) and \(t^s_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\). Actually, from the definitions of convergence, it follows that \(t_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\subset t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\subset t^s_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T}).\) They obtain some sufficient conditions for some \(x\in\mathbb{T}\) to be in \(t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) in terms of its support and, as a consequence, \(t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) \(\neq\) \(t_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\). However, they are not necessary for some \(x\) to be in \(t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\). Also, they show that \(t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) \(\subsetneq\) \(t^s_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\) and obtain a sufficient condition of \(x\in\mathbb{T}\) for which \(x\notin t^\alpha_{(a_n)}(\mathbb{T})\).