Closure operators in topological groups related to von Neumann's kernel (Q2493900)

The categorical closure operators were defined by the author and \textit{E. Giuli} [Topology Appl. 27, 129--143 (1987; Zbl 0634.54008)] and the closure operators in the category \({\mathcal T}op\) of topological spaces were studied in detail by \textit{D. Dikranjan, W. Tholen} and \textit{S. Watson} [in: Categorical structures and their applications, NJ: World Scientific, 69--98 (2004; Zbl 1078.18006)]. A closure operator in \({\mathcal T}op\) is defined as collections of the operators \(C=(C_X)_{X\in {\mathcal T}op}\) in which each \(C_X\) assigns to every subset \(M\subseteq X\), a larger subset \(C_X(M)\) of \(X\) such that \(C_X(M)\subseteq C_X(M_1)\) whenever \(M\subseteq M_1\); and \(f(C_X(M))\subseteq C_Y(f(M))\) for a continuous function \(f: X\to Y\). In this paper the closure operators in the category \({\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\) of topological groups are studied. In most cases the closure operators in the category \({\mathcal T}op\) can be lifted to the category \({\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\) by the forgetful functor \(U_1: {\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\to Top\) and the closure operators in the category \( {\mathcal G}rp\) of groups by the forgetful functor \(U_2: {\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\to {\mathcal G}rp\). Here the closure operators in \( {\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\) which can not be obtained in this way are considered. Preradicals in \( {\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\) and some basic properties of them are given and the connections of closure operators in \({\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\) to the preradicals of \({\mathcal T}op{\mathcal G}rp\) are outlined. Further the idempotent closure operators in the category \( {\mathcal T}op{\mathcal A}b{\mathcal G}rp\) of abelian topological groups is mentioned and some solutions to the problems in [\textit{D. Dikranjan, C. Milan} and \textit{A. Tonolo}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 197, 23--41 (2005; Zbl 1065.22003)] are discussed.