Group-invariant separating polynomials on a Banach space (Q2075307)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of families of polynomials which are invariant under the action of a (topological) group. The interesting article under review is an important contribution on the subject, presenting some geometric results in the spirit of (the geometric version of) the Hahn-Banach theorem. In what follows, \(X\) is a Banach space and \(G\) is a compact group of continuous operatos on \(X\). We say that a polynomial \(P\) separates the point \(z\in X\) and the set \(K\subset X\) if \[\sup_{w\in K} |P(w)| < |P(z)|.\] Note that if \(K\) is nonempty, closed, convex and balanced (i.e., symmetric with respect to the origin), the Hahn-Banach theorem provides a degree one polynomial separating \(K\) and any \(z\) outside \(K\). The authors provide conditions ensure separation by \(G\)-invariant polynomials: polynomials satisfying \(P\circ \gamma = P\) for all \(\gamma \in G\). In the real case, they show that if \(K\) is a \(G\)-invariant set and \(z\) can be separated from \(K\) by some continuous polynomial \(Q\), then \(z\) can also be separated by a \(G\)-invariant continuous polynomial \(P\). This extends Theorem~2.3 from [\textit{R.~Aron} et al., J. Geom. Anal. 28, No.~1, 393--404 (2018; Zbl 1393.13011)] to the infinite dimensional setting. For the complex case, the authors show that such a result does not hold with a nice example in one dimension. They succeed to obtain analogous results with additional assumptions on the separating polynomials \(Q\) or on the Banach space \(X\) and the group \(G\) (e.g., \(X\) having a Schauder basis and \(G\) satisfying certain compatibility conditions with respect to the basis). In the last section, these results are applied to a wide variety of groups, such as the group of roots of the unity, groups of permutations, of composition operators, etc.. Characterizations of those points which can be separated by \(G\)-invariant polynomials from the unit ball are obtained.