Actively deforming porous media in an incompressible fluid: a variational approach (Q2077575)

The authors describe the deformation of a porous medium in an incompressible fluid. They write the equations of motion using a Lagrangian formulation, starting from the Lagrangian \(\ell (u_{f},u_{g},\rho _{s},b,g,v)=\int_{ \mathfrak{B}}(\frac{1}{2}\overline{\rho }_{f}^{0}g\left\vert u_{f}\right\vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\rho _{s}\left\vert u_{s}\right\vert ^{2}-V(b,v))d^{3}x\), where \(\mathfrak{B}\) is the domain occupied by the solid and the fluid, \(u_{f},u_{g}\) are the velocity fields, \(\overline{\rho } _{f}^{0},\rho _{s}\) the densities, \(V(b,v)\) the potential energy which depends on the pore volume fraction \(g\) and on the infinitesimal pore volume \(v\). They end with the equations of motion: \(\overline{\rho } _{f}^{0}(\partial _{t}u_{f}+u_{f}\cdot \nabla u_{f})=-\nabla p+\frac{1}{g} F_{f}\), \(\rho _{s}(\partial _{t}u_{s}+u_{s}\cdot \nabla u_{s})=g\nabla p+\nabla (V-\frac{\partial V}{\partial v}v)+\mathrm{div}\sigma _{p}+F_{s}\), \(\frac{ \partial V}{\partial v}=pc(b)\), \(g=c(b)v\), \(\partial _{t}b+\mathfrak{L} _{u_{s}}b=0\), \(\partial _{t}g+\mathrm{div}(gu_{f})=0\), \(\partial _{t}\rho _{s}+\mathrm{div}(\rho _{s}u_{s})=0\), where \(\sigma _{p}\) is the stress tensor defined as \(\sigma _{p}=-2(pv\frac{\partial c}{\partial b}-\frac{\partial V}{ \partial b})\cdot b\), \(F_{s}=K(u_{f}-u_{s})\) the Darcy-like friction, \( F_{f}=-F_{s}\), and \(\mathfrak{L}_{u_{s}}\) and the Lie derivative of a momentum density.\ The boundary condition \([\sigma _{p}\cdot n]\cdot \eta =0\) , for all \(\eta \) parallel to \(\partial \mathfrak{B}\), is added. The authors then consider the special case of a polytropic flow, assuming that the pressure is linked to the density according to \(p=p_{0}\rho ^{\gamma }\), the Lagrangian becoming \(\ell (u,\rho )=\int_{\mathfrak{B}}(\frac{1}{2}\rho \left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}-V_{0}\rho ^{\gamma })d^{3}x\), if \(p_{0}\) is constant. They make the link between the above equations of motion and Biot's equations for wave propagation or Biot's quasi-static equations. Considering the case of an elastic muscle, the authors simplify the equations of motion further considering 1D dynamics and they propose a numerical resolution of these equations choosing the potential energy as \( V(X_{x},g)=\frac{1}{2}\alpha (X_{x}-1)^{2}+\frac{1}{2}\beta (g+(1-g_{0})X_{x}-1)^{2}\). In the last part of their paper, the authors consider the case where both the fluid and the solid are incompressible. They rewrite the above equations of motion that they specialize in the 1D case. They finally again propose a numerical scheme, here choosing the potential energy as \(V(b,v)=\frac{\alpha }{2}(X_{x}-1)^{2}=\frac{\alpha }{2}( \frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}-1)^{2}\).