On the monopole Lefschetz number of finite-order diffeomorphisms (Q2078918)

As the main theorem (Theorem A) of this paper, the authors calculate the Lefschetz number of the action on the monopole Floer homology of certain types of finite order diffeomorphisms of some class of 3-manifolds. The precise setup is as follows. Let \(K\) be a knot in an integral homology 3-sphere \(Y\), and let \(\Sigma\) denote the \(n\)-fold cyclic branched cover of \(Y\) along \(K\). Suppose that \(\Sigma\) is a rational homology 3-sphere. The authors give a formula to describe the Lefschetz number of the action of the covering translation on the reduced monopole Floer homology in terms of the Casson invariant of \(Y\), the Tristram-Levine signatures of \(K\), and the Frøyshov invariant of \(\Sigma\). The authors also prove a formula (Theorem B) for the Seiberg-Witten Casson-type invariant \(\lambda_{\mathrm{SW}}\) of the mapping torus of \(\tau\) in terms of the Casson invariant of \(Y\) and the Tristram-Levine signatures of \(K\). Theorem A follows from Theorem B combined with the splitting formula proven by the authors in their earlier work [\textit{J. Lin} et al., Geom. Topol. 22, No. 5, 2865--2942 (2018; Zbl 1427.57014)]. Theorem B is proven by relating the orbifold moduli space for the Seiberg-Witten equations on an orbifold obtained from \(Y\) with singularity along \(K\) to the usual Seiberg-Witten moduli space for \(Y\), together with an analysis of various \(\eta\)-invariants that are involved in \(\lambda_{\mathrm{SW}}\). The above results are used to prove Witten-type conjectures for variants of Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten invariants for some class of 4-manifolds. More specifically, the authors prove the coincidence of \(\lambda_{\mathrm{SW}}\) with an instanton-side Casson-type invariant \(\lambda_{\mathrm{FO}}\) called the Furuta-Ohta invariant for a large class of mapping tori of homology 3-spheres. They also establish the coincidence of normalized Lefschetz numbers obtained from Seiberg-Witten theory and Yang-Mills theory for homology 3-spheres equipped with finite order diffeomorphisms acting semi-freely. As further applications, they give new knot concordance invariants and a new obstruction for the branched cover of a knot in \(S^3\) to be an L-space, which is described in terms of the Jones polynomial, and they verify a conjecture on the behavior of \(\lambda_{\mathrm{SW}}\) under orientation reversal for mapping tori.