Characterisation of the Weyl-Hörmander classes by time-frequency shifts (Q2099085)

This paper offers a deeper understanding of structures related to the Weyl-Hörmander classes \(S(M,g)\). Such classes carry out metrices \(g\) which are never Euclidean, except in the case of classical Hörmander classes \( S^m _{0,0}.\) This essential difference asks for the use of advanced techniques such as families of uniformly confined symbols introduced by \textit{J. M. Bony} and \textit{N. Lerner} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 22, No. 3, 377--433 (1989; Zbl 0753.35005)]. The main goal of the article is to prove the characterization of Weyl-Hörmander classes through the approximate diagonalization in the sense of \textit{J. Sjöstrand} [Math. Res. Lett. 1, No. 2, 185--192 (1994; Zbl 0840.35130); Sémin. Équ. Dériv. Partielles, Éc. Polytech., Cent. Math. Laurent Schwartz, Palaiseau , Exp. No. 4, 19 p. (1995; Zbl 0880.35145)], and \textit{K. Gröchenig} and \textit{Z. Rzeszotnik} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 58, No. 7, 2279--2314 (2008; Zbl 1168.35050)]. To extend these results, the authors developed time-frequency analysis adapted to the general metrices \(g\), and use techniques different from [\textit{K. Gröchenig} and \textit{Z. Rzeszotnik}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 58, No. 7, 2279--2314 (2008; Zbl 1168.35050); \textit{J. Sjöstrand}, Math. Res. Lett. 1, No. 2, 185--192 (1994; Zbl 0840.35130); Sémin. Équ. Dériv. Partielles, Éc. Polytech., Cent. Math. Laurent Schwartz, Palaiseau , Exp. No. 4, 19 p. (1995; Zbl 0880.35145)] which are based on Euclidean metrics. In particular, instead of a single window used in the standard definition of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), the authors used uniformly confined families of symbols which keep track of the growth of the metric. Thus, a general STFT gives rise to new modulation spaces (which coincide with the standard ones in the Euclidean case). Then it is proved that \(S(M,g)\) can be represented as an intersection of generalized modulation spaces. More precisely, the Weyl-Hörmander classes are characterized via the action of the corresponding Weyl operators on time-frequency shifts which carry out encoded information about the underlying metric. Results of this important paper include as special cases the symbol classes of almost all global calculi that appear in the literature, like the Shubin and SG-calculus [\textit{F. Nicola} and \textit{L. Rodino}, Global pseudo-differential calculus on Euclidean spaces. Basel: Birkhäuser (2010; Zbl 1257.47002); \textit{M. A. Shubin}, Pseudodifferential operators and spectral theory. Transl. from the Russian by Stig I. Andersson. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1987; Zbl 0616.47040)], the Beals-Fefferman calculus [\textit{R. Beals} and \textit{C. Fefferman}, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 27, 1--24 (1974; Zbl 0279.35071)], the Hörmander \(S_{\rho, \delta}\)-calculus [\textit{L. Hörmander}, The analysis of linear partial differential operators. III: Pseudo-differential operators. Reprint of the 1994 ed. Berlin: Springer (2007; Zbl 1115.35005); \textit{M. A. Shubin}, Pseudodifferential operators and spectral theory. Transl. from the Russian by Stig I. Andersson. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1987; Zbl 0616.47040)], etc.