The local Langlands correspondence for \(\mathrm{GL}_n\) over function fields (Q2112373)

The author gives a new characterization and proof of the local Langlands correspondence for \(\mathrm{GL}_n\) over a local function field \(F\), by adapting methods of Scholze. To characterize the correspondence, the author defines test functions \(f_{\tau,h}\in C_c^\infty(\mathrm{GL}_n(F))\) for \(\tau\in W_F\) with \(\nu(\tau)>0\) and \(h\in C_c^\infty(\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathcal O_F))\) so that for an irreducible smooth representation \(\pi\) of \(\mathrm{GL}_n(F)\), the local Langlands correspondence \(\pi\mapsto\rho(\pi)(\frac{1-n}2)\) satisfies \[ \mathrm{tr}(f_{\tau,h}|\pi)=\mathrm{tr}(\tau|\rho(\pi))\mathrm{tr}(h|\pi). \] To construct the representation \(\rho(\pi)\) the author uses moduli spaces of \textit{\(\mathscr D\)-elliptic sheaves} -- an analogue of abelian varieties equipped with certain endomorphisms -- instead of Shimura varieties, as in Scholze's work. In fact, \(\rho(\pi)\) can be explicitly defined to be a multiplicity space in the cohomology of the moduli space of \(\mathscr D\)-elliptic sheaves. To prove bijectivity of the correspondence, the author uses an explicit calculation of inertia invariants of nearby cycles due to \textit{P. Scholze} [Invent. Math. 192, No. 3, 663--715 (2013; Zbl 1305.22025)] and repeated application of cyclic base change, to bypass Henniart's numerical local Langlands [\textit{G. Henniart}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 21, No. 4, 497--544 (1988; Zbl 0666.12013)]. Finally, usual canonicity requirements for the local Langlands correspondence are proved, such as compatibility with local class field theory, and compatibility of the \(L\)-functions and \(\varepsilon\)-factors.