Parametric pseudodifferential operators with point-singularity in the covariable (Q2116426)

In the present work, the author introduces a refined version of parameter-dependent pseudodifferential calculus closely related to Grubb's parametric calculus with finite regularity number~[\textit{G.\ Grubb}, Functional calculus of pseudodifferential boundary problems. 2nd ed. Basel: Birkhäuser (1996; Zbl 0844.35002)] and Grubb-Seeley's weakly parametric pseudodifferential calculus [\textit{G. Grubb} and \textit{R. T. Seeley}, Invent. Math. 121, No. 3, 481--529 (1995; Zbl 0851.58043)]. On a Euclidean space or a closed manifold, parameter-dependent pseudodifferential calculus was introduced as a natural receptacle for the resolvent \((P-\lambda)^{-1}\), where \(P\) is an elliptic pseudodifferential operator (\(\psi\)do). It also plays an important role in the understanding of functional calculus of elliptic \(\psi\)dos, e.g., the study of the heat semigroup \(e^{-tP}\) and complex powers \(P^s\), \(s\in\mathbb{C}\). There are various classes of parameter-dependent pseudodifferential calculus in the literature, which is specified by a symbol class involved in the construction of each calculus. The parameter-dependent pseudodifferential calculus described in [\textit{M. A. Shubin}, Pseudodifferential operators and spectral theory. Transl.\ from the Russian by Stig I.\ Andersson. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer (2001; Zbl 0980.35180)] and [\textit{P. B. Gilkey}, Invariance theory, the heat equation and the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (1995; Zbl 0856.58001)] is a nest for the resolvent \((P-\lambda)^{-1}\) when \(P\) is an elliptic differential operator. However, the resolvent \((P-\lambda)^{-1}\) does not lies in the parametric calculus in the sense of [M. A. Shubin, loc. cit.] and [P. B. Gilkey, loc. cit] when \(P\) is a non-differential elliptic \(\psi\)do. To resolve this issue and to handle the irregularity occurs when a parameter or boundary conditions are included in the calculus, \textit{G. Grubb} [Functional calculus of pseudodifferential boundary problems. 2nd ed. Basel: Birkhäuser (1996; Zbl 0844.35002)] introduced the parameter-dependent calculus with regularity number. A different version of parameter-dependent calculus, namely the weakly parametric pseudodifferential calculus introduced by G. Grubb and R. T. Seeley [loc. cit.] enables us to keep track of full asymptotic expansion of the trace of the resolvent \((P-\lambda)^{-1}\) in \(\lambda\). The construction of parameter-dependent pseudodifferential calculus in the present paper is based on the characterization of the regularity number in the sense of [\textit{G. Grubb}, Functional calculus of pseudodifferential boundary problems. 2nd ed. Basel: Birkhäuser (1996; Zbl 0844.35002)] by using the weighted function space on the punctured unit semi-sphere. The description of this geometric characterization of Grubb's regularity number can be found in Section~4. This newly introduced symbol class admits an expansion in \([\xi,\mu]\), where \(\xi\in\mathbb{R}^n\) is the covariable, \(\mu\in\overline{\mathbb{R}}_+\) is the parameter and \((\xi,\mu)\mapsto[\xi,\mu]\) is a smooth function that agrees with \(|(\xi,\mu)|\) away from the origin. Expanding \([\xi,\mu]\) in powers of \(\mu\) enables us to recover the resolvent-trace expansion of an elliptic \(\psi\)do in the sense of [G. Grubb and R. T. Seeley, loc. cit.]. This result is discussed in Section~6 in the case of a Euclidean space, and Section~7.6 in the case of vector bundles over closed Riemannian manifolds. Section~7.7 is devoted to the application of the newly introduced parameter-dependent calculus to the study of the invertibility of parameter-dependent Toeplitz type operators in the sense of [\textit{J. Seiler}, J. Funct. Anal. 263, No. 5, 1408--1434 (2012; Zbl 1266.47111)] and [\textit{J. Seiler}, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 194, No. 1, 145--165 (2015; Zbl 1362.47028)], i.e., the subalgebra of the pseudodifferential algebra determined by pseudodifferential projections. Extending the construction of the calculus in the present paper to the case of manifold with boundary or other types of singularities is postponed to follow-up publications.