Bessel \(F\)-isocrystals for reductive groups (Q2118057)

Le \(p\) be a prime number. Dwork and Sperber have defined a Frobenius structure on the Bessel connection on the multiplicative group \(\mathbb{G}_{m,\mathbb{F}_{p}}\), and proved that its Frobenius traces give the Kloosterman sum. The associated overconvergent \(F\)-isocrystal is called the Bessel \(F\)-isocrystal, and is the \(p\)-adic companion of the Kloosterman sheaf. The paper at hand extends these results to reductive groups, building on the generalizations provided in [\textit{E. Frenkel} and \textit{B. Gross}, Ann. Math. (2) 170, No. 3, 1469--1512 (2009; Zbl 1209.14017); \textit{J. Heinloth} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 177, No. 1, 241--310 (2013; Zbl 1272.14012)]. They do so by defining a Frobenius structure on the Bessel connection, yielding again an overconvergent \(F\)-isocrystal, which is also the \(p\)-adic companion of the Kloosterman sheaf in this setting. The proof requires an expert knowledge in the field, as it is long and technical. Nevertheless, the last part of the article, which focuses on applications, is more accessible to a broader audience. For instance, they prove a conjecture of Heinloth-Ngô-Yun on the functoriality of Kloosterman sheaves. They also make explicit the Bessel \(F\)-isocrystals for classical groups, and the Frobenius slope of Bessel \(F\)-isocrystals.