On Urysohn's lemma for generalized topological spaces in \(\mathbf{ZF}\) (Q2120286)

A generalized topology [\textit{Á. Császár}, Acta Math. Hung. 96, No. 4, 351--357 (2002; Zbl 1006.54003)] on a set is a family of subsets of the set that is closed under arbitrary unions. One can copy the definition of normality to generalized topological spaces and characterize normality using Urysohn's Lemma [\textit{Á. Császár}, ibid. 115, No. 4, 309--313 (2007; Zbl 1135.54301)]. The present paper investigates how much choice is needed to prove Urysohn's lemma (and the Tietze extension theorem) in this general setting. To this end the authors consider two spaces as possible codomains: \(\mathbb{R}\), the real line with its normal topology~\(\tau_n\), and~\(\mathbf{R}\), the real line with the generalized topology~\(g\tau_n\), defined as of the closure under all unions of the family of all intervals of the form \((-\infty,a)\) and \((a,\infty)\). One can formulate Urysohn's lemma and Tietze's theorem with both these spaces as codomains; it turns out that \(\mathbf{R}\) satisfies three of the four statements, it does not satisfy Urysohn's lemma with codomain~\(\mathbb{R}\).\par Inspection of the standard proof of Urysohn's lemma will show that it holds under the assumption of~\(\mathsf{DC}\), the Principle of Dependent Choices. The authors show that the same holds for generalized topologies, with codomain~\(\mathbf{R}\), and under some extra assumptions on the space with codomain~\(\mathbb{R}\).