Representations and cohomologies of relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and applications (Q2132483)

A \textbf{Rota-Baxter Lie algebra of weight \(\lambda\)} is a triple \((\mathfrak{g},[\,,\,]_\mathfrak{g}, T)\), where \((\mathfrak{g},[\,,\,])\) is a Lie algebra and \(T\) is a linear operator on \(\mathfrak{g}\) satisfying \[[T(x),T(y)]_\mathfrak{g}=T[T(x),y]_\mathfrak{g}+T[x,T(y)]_\mathfrak{g}+\lambda T[x,y]_\mathfrak{g},\quad\forall x,y\in\mathfrak{g}.\] Such a linear operator \(T\) is called a \textbf{Rota-Baxter operator of weight \(\lambda\)}. Let \(V\) be a vector space. A \textit{ relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebra} is a triple \(((\mathfrak{g},[\,,\,]_\mathfrak{g}),(V,\rho), T)\), where \((\mathfrak{g},[\,,\,]_\mathfrak{g})\) is a Lie algebra, \(\rho:\mathfrak{g}\longrightarrow \mathfrak{gl}(V)\) is a representation of \(\mathfrak{g}\) on \(V\) and \(T:V\longrightarrow \mathfrak{g}\) is a \textit{relative Rota-Baxter operator}, that is, \(T\) satisfies the following identity: \[[T(x),T(y)]_\mathfrak{g}=T(\rho(T(x))(y))-T(\rho(T(y))(x)),\quad\forall x,y\in V.\] Taking the representation \(\rho\) of \(\mathfrak{g}\) to be the adjoint representation of \(\mathfrak{g}\), one can deduce that a relative Rota-Baxter operator is a Rota-Baxter operator of weight zero on \(\mathfrak{g}\). Thus a relative Rota-Baxter operator is a natural generalization of a Rota-Baxter operator of weight zero. In this paper, the authors first introduce the representation of a relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebra \(((\mathfrak{g},[\,,\,]_\mathfrak{g}),(V,\rho), T)\) on a two-term complex of vector spaces \(W\stackrel{\mathcal{T}}{\longrightarrow}\mathfrak{h}\) and develop the cohomology theory of a relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebra. The relationship between the cohomology of a relative Rota-Baxter operator and the cohomology of the underlying pre-Lie algebra is given. At last, by using the obtained general framework of a relative Rota-Baxter Lie algebra, the representations and cohomologies of a Rota-Baxter Lie algebra are investigated. By applying the second cohomology group, the abelian extensions of a Rota-Baxter Lie algebra are classified.