Spectral invariants of the perturbed polyharmonic Steklov problem (Q2135747)

The author considers a perturbed polyharmonic Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator \(\Lambda_m\) (\(m\ge 1\)) for a given bounded domain \(\Omega\) with smooth boundary in a smooth Riemannian manifold \((\mathcal{M},g)\), and the main result is a procedure for determining the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of the trace of the heat kernel associated with such operator as \(t\to 0^+\). Let \(\mathcal{M}\) be an \((n+1)\)-dimensional, smooth, complete Riemannian manifold with metric tensor \(g=(g_{jk})\), \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in \(\mathcal{M}\) with smooth boundary \(\partial \Omega\), \(\mathcal{L}_q:=(-\Delta_g)^m+q(x)\), \(m=1,2,\cdots\), be a perturbed polyharmonic operator, where \(-\Delta_g\) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator associated with the metric \(g\). The potential \(q\) is supposed to be real valued and belong to \(L^{\infty} (\Omega)\). It is assumed that zero is not an eigenvalue of \(\mathcal{L}_q\). Denote: \begin{align*} \gamma u=\big(u|_{\partial\Omega}, (-\Delta_\gamma) u|_{\partial\Omega}, \ldots, (-\Delta_\gamma)^{m-1} u|_{\partial\Omega} \big),\quad u\in H^{2m}(\Omega), \\ \tilde{\gamma} u= (\partial_\nu u\big|_{\partial \Omega}, \partial_\nu((-\Delta_g) u)\big|_{\partial \Omega}, \cdots, \partial_\nu ((-\Delta_g)^{m-1}u)\big|_{\partial \Omega}),\quad u\in H^{2m}(\Omega). \end{align*} Then for any \(f=(f_0,\ldots,f_{m-1})\in \Pi_{j-0}^{m-1} H^{2m-2j-\frac{1}{2}}(\partial\Omega)\) the boundary value problem \[ \mathcal{L}_q u=0\quad\text{in}\quad \Omega, \qquad \gamma u=f \quad\text{on}\quad \partial \Omega, \tag{1} \] is uniquely solvable in \(H^{2m}(\Omega)\). The Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator is introduced as \[ \Lambda_m: \prod_{j=0}^{m-1} H^{2m-2j-\frac{1}{2}}(\partial \Omega) \to \prod_{j=0}^{m-1} H^{2m-2j-\frac{3}{2}}(\partial \Omega), \qquad \Lambda_m f= \tilde{\gamma} u \] where \(u\in H^{m} (\Omega)\) is the solution to the Dirichlet problem (1). A matrix-valued function \({\mathcal{K}}_m (t,x,y)\) is the heat kernel associated to the perturbed polyharmonic Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator \(\Lambda_m\) \begin{align*} \frac{\partial {\mathcal{K}}_m(t, x,y)}{\partial t} = \Lambda_m {\mathcal{K}}_m(t, x, y), \quad t>0, \,\, x\in \partial \Omega, \qquad {\mathcal{K}}_m (0, x, y)= \delta(x-y)I_m, \end{align*} for each fixed \(y\in \partial \Omega\), where \(\Lambda_m\) acts on the \(x\) variable and \(\delta (x-y)\) is the delta function concentrated at \(y\), \(I_m\) is the \(m\times m\) identity matrix. The function \({\mathcal{K}}_m (t,x,y)\) is also the kernel of the semigroup \(e^{t\Lambda_m}\). Denote \[ J_m= \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -I_{m-1} \\ q(x) & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \qquad J_1=(q(x)), \] let \(\{\lambda_k\}_{k=1}^\infty\) and \({\mathcal{K}}_m (t,x,y)\) be the eigenvalues and heat kernel of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map \(\Lambda_m\) (\(m\geqslant 1\)). The main result is as follows. If \(n\ge 1\), then \begin{align*} \sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-t\lambda_k}&=\int_{\partial \Omega} \mathrm{tr}\, {\mathcal{K}}_m (t, x,x)dx=t^{-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,0}(n,x) \,dS(x) + t^{1-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,1}(n,x)\, dS(x) \\ & + \left\{\begin{array}{ll} O(t^{2-n}) \quad \;\, \mbox{when}\;\; n>1,\\ O(t\log t) \quad \, \mbox{when} \;\; n=1,\end{array}\right. \quad \;\;\mbox{as}\;\; t\to 0^+; \end{align*} If \(n\ge 2\), then \begin{align*} \sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-t\lambda_k}&=\int_{\partial \Omega} \mathrm{tr}\, {\mathcal{K}}_m (t, x,x)dx= t^{-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,0}(n,x) \,dS(x) + t^{1-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,1}(n,x)\, dS(x) \\ & + t^{2-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,2}(n,x) \,dS(x) + \left\{\begin{array}{ll} O(t^{3-n}) \quad \, \mbox{when}\;\; n>2,\\ O(t\log t) \; \;\;\mbox{when} \;\; n=2,\end{array}\right. \quad \;\;\mbox{as}\;\; t\to 0^+;\nonumber \end{align*} If \(n\ge 3\), then \begin{align*} \sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-t\lambda_k}&=\int_{\partial \Omega} \mathrm{tr}\, {\mathcal{K}}_m (t, x,x)dx= t^{-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,0}(n,x) \,dS(x) + t^{1-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,1}(n,x)\, dS(x) \\ & + t^{2-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,2}(n,x) \,dS(x) + t^{3-n} \int_{\partial \Omega} a_{m,3}(n,x) \,dS(x) \\ & + \left\{\begin{array}{ll} O(t^{4-n}) \quad\, \, \mbox{when}\;\; n>3,\\ O(t\log t) \quad \mbox{when} \;\; n=3,\end{array}\right. \quad \;\;\mbox{as}\;\; t\to 0^+.\nonumber \end{align*} Here \begin{align*} a_{m,0}(n,x)=&\frac{m\Gamma(\frac{n+1}{2})}{\pi^{\frac{n+1}{2}}}, \\ a_{m,1}(n,x)=& \left(\frac{1}{2\pi}\right)^{n} \frac{m(n-1)\Gamma(n)\,\mbox{vol}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})}{2n} \bigg(\sum_{j=1}^n \kappa_j(x)\bigg), \\ a_{m,2}(n,x) = &-\frac{\Gamma(n-1) \cdot \mbox{vol}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})}{2(2\pi)^n}\mathrm{tr}\, J_m \\ & + \frac{m\Gamma(n-1) \mbox{vol}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}) }{8(2\pi)^n} \left[ \frac{3-n}{3n} R_{\partial \Omega} + \frac{n-1}{n} {\tilde R}_{\Omega}\right. \nonumber \\ & \left. +\frac{n^3 -n^2 -4n +6}{n(n+2)} \left(\sum_{j=1}^n \kappa_j (x)\right)^2 + \frac{n^2 -n-2}{n(n+2)} \sum_{j=1}^n \kappa_j^2(x) \right] \end{align*} and \begin{align*} a_{m,3}(n,x)=& \frac{\Gamma(n-2)\mbox{vol}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}}{(2\pi)^n} \left[-\frac{n-3}{4}\left(\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}\kappa_j\right)\mathrm{tr} \, J_m- \frac{1}{4} \mathrm{tr} \partial_{x_{n+1}} J_m \right] \\ &+ \left(\frac{1}{2\pi}\right)^n \frac{m \Gamma(n-2) \mbox{vol}(\mathbb{S}^{n-1})}{8n} \bigg[ \frac{n^3-3n^2-7n+11}{2(n+2)} \tilde{R}_\Omega(x)\left(\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}\kappa_j\right) \\ &- \frac{3n^3-11n^2-19n+37}{6(n+2)} \left(\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}\kappa_j\right)R_{\partial\Omega} \\ &+\frac{n^5 -20 n^3 +2n^2 +61 n -74}{6(n+2)(n+4)} \left(\sum_{j=1}^n \kappa_j(x)\right)^3 \\ &+ \frac{n^4 +8n^3 +15n^2 +3n -32}{2(n+2) (n+4)} \left(\sum_{j=1}^n \kappa_j(x)\right)\left(\sum_{j=1}^n \kappa_j^2 (x)\right) \\ &-\frac{4n^2-12n+8}{3(n+2)(n+4)} \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \kappa_j^3(x) + \frac{2n^2-2n-2}{n+2} \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}\kappa_j(x)\tilde{R}_{jj}(x) \\ &-\frac{6n^2-4n-10}{3(n+2)} \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}\kappa_j(x) R_{jj}(x) + (n-1) \sum\limits_{j=1}^{n} \tilde{R}_{j(n+1)j(n+1),(n+1)}(x) \bigg]. \end{align*}