Fourier-Mukai transformation and logarithmic Higgs bundles on punctual Hilbert schemes (Q2173827)

Given a smooth projective variety \(X\), the Hilbert scheme \(X^{[n]}\) of \(n\) points on \(X\) is again a smooth projective variety of dimension \(\dim X^{[n]} = n\, \dim X\). Each vector bundle \(E\) on \(X\) defines the \emph{vector bundle} \(E^{[n]} = p_{2,*}p_1^*E\). Here \(p_k\) is the projection to the \(k\)-factor from the universal subscheme \(\Pi_n \subset X \times X^{[n]}\). The bundle \(E^{[n]}\) is called the Fourier-Mukai transform of \(E\) (with respect to \(\Pi_n\)). By work of Lehn and Lehn-Sorger, these transforms are important tools to study the topology and geometry of Hilbert schemes. Conversely, they are useful to study bundles on \(X\) itself e.g. by work of Voison, Ein-Lazarsfeld and Agostini. The present article enhances the Fourier-Mukai transform to so-called V-cotwisted Hitchin pairs \((E, \theta)\). Here \(E\) and \(V\) are vector bundles on \(X\) and \(\theta\colon E \otimes V \to E\) is a section. The outcome of the enhanced Fourier-Mukai transform are \(V^{[n]}\)-cotwisted Hitchin pairs \((E^{[n]}, \theta^{[n]})\) on \(X^{[n]}\). Note here that if \(V = T_X\), then \(V^{[n]}\cong T_{X^{[n]}}(-\log B_n)\) (by a result of Stapleton) where \(B_n\subset X^{[n]}\) is the locus of non-reduced sub-schemes of \(X\). In particular, the enhanced Fourier-Mukai transforms of Higgs bundles (i.e. \(T_X\)-cotwisted Hitchin pairs) are logarithmic Higgs bundles on \(X^{[n]}\). After establishing basic results on the enhanced Fourier-Mukai transform, which are of independent interest, the authors prove various interesting results on the relationship between Hitchin pairs on \(X\) and their enhanced Fourier-Mukai transforms (similar results for vector bundles were already obtained by the second author), for example: \begin{itemize} \item If \((E, \theta)^{[n]} \cong (F, \eta)^{[n]}\) on \(X^{[n]}\), then \((E,\theta) \cong (F, \eta)\) on \(X\) where \(X\) is any smooth projective curve of genus \(\geq 1\) or any smooth quasi-projective variety of \(\dim X \geq 2\); \item relationship between the stability conditions for \((E, \theta)\) on \(X\) and \((E, \theta)^{[n]}\) on \(X^{[n]}\) for any smooth projective curve \(X\). \end{itemize}