Some exact solutions of the Volterra lattice (Q2174677)

The aim of this paper is to study solutions of the Volterra lattice satisfying the stationary equation for its nonautonomous symmetry. The authors show that the dynamics in \(t\) and \(n\) are governed by the corresponding continuous and discrete Painlevé equations and describe the class of initial data leading to regular solutions. For the lattice on the half-axis, they express these solutions in terms of the confluent hypergeometric function. Furthermore, the Hankel transform of the coefficients of the corresponding Taylor series based on the Wronskian representation of the solution is also computed. More precisely, the authors study the solutions of the Volterra lattice \(u_{n,t} = u_{n} (u_{n+1}-u_{n-1})\) satisfying the stationary equation for the master symmetry (plus lower-order terms). A similar but simpler constraint was studied in [\textit{A. R. Its} et al., Russ. Math. Surv. 45, No. 6, 155--157 (1990; Zbl 0743.35055); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 45, No. 6(276), 135--136 (1990); \textit{A. S. Fokas} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 142, No. 2, 313--344 (1991; Zbl 0742.35047)], for an evolution in \(n\) governed by the discrete Painlevé equation \(\mathrm{dP}_{1}\) and an evolution in \(t\) governed by the Painlevé equation \(\mathrm{P}_{4}\). In the present case, the respective equations are \(\mathrm{dP}_{34}\) and \(\mathrm{P}_{5}\) (or \(\mathrm{P}_{3}\) for degenerate parameters). The corresponding set of solutions contains a family of solutions depending on three essential parameters, which are regular for all \(n\) and \(t\).