On the indivisibility of derived Kato's Euler systems and the main conjecture for modular forms (Q2174755)

Let \(p\) be an odd prime. \textit{K. Kato} [in: Cohomologies \(p\)-adiques et applications arithmétiques (III). Paris: Société Mathématique de France. 117--290 (2004; Zbl 1142.11336)] used his Euler systems to prove one divisibility of the Iwasawa main conjecture for modular forms over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension of \(\mathbb Q\). The present article gives a numerical criterion to prove this divisibility is equality by giving a sufficient numerical criterion based on modular symbols for the mod \(p\) non-vanishing of the Kolyvagin derivatives of Mazur-Tate elements. This can be used to verify Iwasawa's main conjecture for many modular forms of weight two. This criterion extends work of \textit{G. Grigorov} [Kato's Euler system and the main conjecture. Harvard (Ph.D. Thesis) (2005)] and \textit{M. Kurihara} [Contrib. Math. Comput. Sci. 7, 317--356 (2014; Zbl 1361.11039)] to modular forms with arbitrary coefficients and to both ordinary and non-ordinary forms. The numerical condition is used to complete some entries in a table given by Grigorov [loc. cit.]. Also, Iwasawa's main conjecture is verified for elliptic curves with good ordinary reduction at \(p = 5\) of conductor less than 1000. The criterion of the present paper allows the verification of the main conjecture for certain Hida families, and this is done for four examples arising from elliptic curves with no semi-stable primes. Also, the criterion is applied to two non-ordinary forms, one with non-rational coefficients.