Prony's method on the sphere (Q2178661)

Prony's method reconstructs the coefficients \({\hat f}_j \in \mathbb C\) and distinct parameters \(x_j \in \mathbb C\), \(j = 1,\dots, M\), of the Dirac ensemble \(\sum_{j=1}^M {\hat f}_j\,\delta_{x_j}\) from the \(2M+1\) moments \[ f(k) = \sum_{j=1}^M {\hat f}_j\,x_j^k\,, \quad k = 0,\dots, 2M. \] In this paper, the authors consider a multivariate generalization of Prony's method, where its succeed is characterized by an interpolation condition. It is shown that the interpolation condition holds for separated points in the trigonometric and the spherical case for arbitrary dimensions. Using trigonometric polynomials, the moment problem on the \(d\)-dimensional torus is studied. Applying spherical harmonics, the moment problem on the unit sphere of \(\mathbb{R}^d\) is considered.