A quantitative stability estimate for the fractional Faber-Krahn inequality (Q2182583)

Let \(N\geq 2\), \(0< s< 1\) and \(1\leq q< 2_s^*:=\frac{2N}{N-2s}\). For any \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\) open and bounded, one denotes the sharp Poincaré-Sobolev constant and the Fraenkel asymmetry of \(\Omega\), respectively, by \[ \lambda_{s,q}(\Omega):=\min_{u\in\mathcal{D}_0^{s,2}(\Omega)}\{[u]_{W^{s,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)}^2:\|u\|_{L^q(\Omega)}=1\}, \] where \(\mathcal{D}_0^{s,2}(\Omega)\) is the completion of \(\mathbf{C}^\infty_0(\Omega)\) with respect to the fractional Gagliardo semi-norm \([\cdot]_{W^{s,2}(\mathbb{R}^N)}\), and \[ \mathcal{A}(\Omega):=\inf\{\frac{|\Omega\Delta B|}{|\Omega|}:B\text{ is a Ball with }|B|=|\Omega|\}. \] Here, \(\Omega\Delta B\) stands for the symmetric difference of \(\Omega\) and \(B\). By the nonlocal Pólya-Szegő principle, one recovers the following fractional Faber-Krahn-type inequality \[ |\Omega|^{\frac{2}{q}-1+\frac{2s}{N}}\lambda_{s,q}(\Omega)\geq|B|^{\frac{2}{q}-1+\frac{2s}{N}}\lambda_{s,q}(B) \] for any \(N\)-dimensional ball \(B\). The main result of the paper ensures the existence of an explicit positive constant \(\sigma_1\), depending only on \(N,s\) and \(q\), such that \[ |\Omega|^{\frac{2}{q}-1+\frac{2s}{N}}\lambda_{s,q}(\Omega)-|B|^{\frac{2}{q}-1+\frac{2s}{N}}\lambda_{s,q}(B)\geq\frac{\sigma_1}{1-s}\mathcal{A}(\Omega)^\frac{3}{s}. \] Moreover, the constant \(\sigma_1\) is shown to be uniform as \(s\) goes to \(1\). The stability exponent \(\frac{3}{s}\) is not supposed to be sharp, and it can be conjectured that the previous fractional Faber-Krahn inequality still holds by replacing the term \(\mathcal{A}(\Omega)^\frac{3}{s}\) with \(\mathcal{A}(\Omega)^2\). In the last section of the paper, the authors show that it is possible to improve the stability exponent \(\frac{3}{s}\), by assuming more regularity on \(\Omega\). In particular, if \(\Omega\) satisfies either \(\partial\Omega\) is Lipschitz and \(\Omega\) satisfies the exterior ball condition with radius \(\varrho\), or \(\partial\Omega\) is of class \(\mathbf{C}^{1,\alpha}\) for some \(0<\alpha<1\), then \[ |\Omega|^{\frac{2}{q}-1+\frac{2s}{N}}\lambda_{s,q}(\Omega)-|B|^{\frac{2}{q}-1+\frac{2s}{N}}\lambda_{s,q}(B)\geq\frac{C}{1-s}\mathcal{A}(\Omega)^{2+\frac{1}{s}} \] for a positive constant \(C\), depending on \(N,s,q\) and \(\varrho\) and the Lipschitz constant of \(\partial\Omega\), in the first case, or the \(\mathbf{C}^{1,\alpha}\) norm of \(\partial\Omega\), in the second case.