Graded polynomial identities for the upper triangular matrix algebra over a finite field (Q2186046)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be a field and let \(UT_n=UT_n(\mathbb{K})\) be the algebra of \(n\times n\) upper triangular matrices over \(\mathbb{K}\). The set of all polynomial identities of \(UT_n\), denoted by \(T(UT_n)\), was described by \textit{Yu. N. Mal'tsev} [Algebra Logic 10, 242--247 (1973; Zbl 0296.16008)] when char(\(\mathbb{K}\))=0, and [PLISKA, Stud. Math. Bulg. 1981, No. 2, 143-152 (1981; Zbl 0296.16008)] when \(\mathbb{K}\) is any field. They proved that \(T(UT_n) = (T(UT_1))^n\). This algebra is very important in PI-Theory. It can be used, for example, as follows: if \(R\) is a finitely generated PI-algebra satisfying a nonmatrix polynomial identity and \(\mathbb{K}\) is infinite, then there exists \(n\) such that \(T(UT_n)\) is contained in the set of all polynomial identities of \(R\). In this paper under review, the authors study graded polynomial identities. The gradings and graded identities of \(UT_2\) were described by \textit{A. Valenti} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 172, No. 2--3, 325--335 (2002; Zbl 1007.16019)] if char(\(\mathbb{K}\))=0. The \(\mathbb{Z}_n\)-graded polynomial identities of \(UT_n\), with respect to Vasilovsky grading, were described by \textit{P. Koshlukov} and \textit{A. Valenti} [Int. J. Algebra Comput. 13, No. 5, 517--526 (2003; Zbl 1057.16020)] when \(\mathbb{K}\) is infinite. More recently, the graded polynomial identities for triangular algebras were studied by \textit{O. M. Di Vincenzo} and \textit{V. Nardozza} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 224, No. 6, Article ID 106256, 13 p. (2020; Zbl 1441.16025)]. Let \(G\) be any group. In [Arch. Math. 89, No. 1, 33--40 (2007; Zbl 1151.16042)], \textit{A. Valenti} and \textit{M. V. Zaicev} proved that every \(G\)-grading on \(UT_n\) is an elementary \(G\)-grading. In [J. Algebra 275, No. 2, 550-566 (2004; Zbl 1066.16047)], \textit{O. M. Di Vincenzo} et al. classified all nonisomorphic elementary \(G\)-gradings. They proved that two elementary \(G\)-gradings on \(UT_n\) are isomorphic if and only if the corresponding \(G\)-graded polynomial identities are equal. They also described the set of all \(G\)-graded polynomial identities of \(UT_n\) when \(\mathbb{K}\) is an infinite field. Motivated by these results, the authors describe the set of all \(G\)-graded polynomial identities of \(UT_n\), where \(G\) is any group and \(\mathbb{K}\) is any finite field. They present a linear basis for the corresponding relatively free graded algebra. We give a new proof of \(T(UT_n) = (T(UT_1))^n\) when \(\mathbb{K}\) is finite.