Kummer sandwiches and Greene-Plesser construction (Q2186804)

This paper is concerned with \(K3\) mirror symmetry. Starting with the quartic Dwork pencil (a one-parameter family of deformed Fermat quartic in \(\mathbb{P}^3\)), the Greene-Plesser orbifolding construction yields a mirror family of \(K3\) surfaces. The Greene-Plesser orbifolding method is described as follows: If \(\mathcal{X}\) is a Calabi-Yau variety and \(G\) is a discrete group of symmetries acting on \(\mathcal{X}\), then the smooth resolution on the orbifold \(\mathcal{X}/G\) as well as its deformations are again Calabi-Yau varieties, the mirror partner of \(\mathcal{X}\). The present article is foused on the \(K3\) mirror symmetry. Let \[ \mathcal{X}_{\lambda}: X_0^4+X_1^4+X_2^4+X_3^4+4\lambda X_0X_1X_2X_3=0 \] be the quartic Dwork pencil. Then its mirror \(K3\) family \(\mathcal{Y}_{\lambda^2}\) with parameter \(\lambda^2\) is obtained by the Greene-Plesser construction. \(\mathcal{X}_{\lambda}\) and \(\mathcal{Y}_{\lambda^2}\) are both lattice polarized \(K3\) surfaces with \(\text{Pic}(\mathcal{X}_{\lambda})=U\oplus E_8(-1)\oplus E_8(-1)\oplus <-4>\) and \(T(\mathcal{Y}_{\lambda^2})=U\oplus <4>\). The first main result is formulated in the following theorem. Theorem 1: The Greene-Plesser orbifolding construction for \(K3\) surraces \(\mathcal{X}_{\lambda}\to\mathcal{Y}_{\lambda^2}\) factors through a Kummer sandwich. In particular, there are rational maps \[ \mathcal{X}_{\lambda}\to \text{Kum}(\varepsilon\times\varepsilon^{\prime})\to\mathcal{Y}_{\lambda^2} \] \[ \to\text{Kum}(\varepsilon\times \varepsilon^{\prime})\to\mathcal{Y}^{\prime}_{\lambda^2} \] where \(\varepsilon\) and \(\varepsilon^{\prime}\) are the two-isogenous elliptic curves, \[ \varepsilon: y^2=x(x-1)(x-\lambda); \] \[ \varepsilon^{\prime}: y^2=x^3+\frac{1+\lambda}{2}x^2+\frac{(1-\lambda)^2}{4}x, \] and the Jacobian elliptic \(K3\) surface \(\mathcal{Y}^{\prime}_{\lambda^2}\) is the twisted Legendre pencil \[ y^2=16x(x-1)(x-u)(u-\lambda^2)(u-1=\lambda^2). \] Next the general quartic Kummer surfaces are considered. Many features present for the quartic mirror \(K3\) family are generalized to certain \(K3\) double covers oftained from the three parameter family of quartic Kummer surfaces \[ 0=X_0^4+X_1^4+X_2^4+X_3^4+2DX_0X_1X_2X_3 \] \[ -A(X_0^2X_1^2+X_2^2X_3^2)-B(X_0^2X_2^2+X_1^2X_3^2) \] \[ -C(X_0^2X_3^2+X_1^2X_2^2) \] where \(A,B,C,D\in\mathbb{C}\) with \(D^2=A^2+B^2+C^2+ABC-4\). This quartic Kummer surface is associated to a principally polarized abelian surface, and generalize the relation of the Dwork pencil and the quartic mirror symmetry desribed above.