Estimates for representation numbers of binary quadratic forms and Apollonian circle packings (Q2187138)

Let \(g(x, y) = ax^2 + bxy + cy^2\) be a positive definite binary quadratic form with integer coefficients. Let \(r_g(n)\) and \(r_g^*(n)\) denote the number of inequivalent representations and the number of proper inequivalent representations of \(n\) by \(g\), respectively. Asymptotic formulas for sums of the form \(\sum r_g(n)^{\beta}\) and \(\sum r_g^*(n)^{\beta}\) are proved for \(\beta \ge 0\). These estimates generalize a theorem from [\textit{V. Blomer} and \textit{A. Granville}, Duke Math. J. 135, No. 2, 261--302 (2006; Zbl 1135.11020)]. This generalized version was implicitly used by \textit{J. Bourgain} and \textit{E. Fuchs} in [J. Am. Math. Soc. 24, 945--967 (2011; Zbl 1228.11035)], although they gave an alternative proof for the special case they need in the appendix.