Hopf algebras of planar binary trees: an operated algebra approach (Q2187746)

A new viewpoint is given on the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebra of planar binary trees \(H_{LR}\): in a parallel with the noncommutative Connes-Kreimer Hopf algebra of planar rooted trees which can be seen as a free operated algebra, it is seen as a free \(\vee\)-algebra: a \(\vee\)-algebra is a pair \((A,\vee)\) where \(A\) is an algebra and \(\vee\) is a bilinear (non necessarily associative) product on \(A\) such that for any \(x,x',y,y'\in A\), \[ (x\vee x')\cdot (y\vee y')=x\vee (x'\cdot (y\vee y'))+((x\vee x')\cdot y)\vee y'. \] Adding a cocycle condition, one recovers the Loday-Ronco coproduct, together with a universal property for the Hopf algebra \(H_{LR}\) in the category of cocycle \(\vee\)-bialgebras. Similar results are also obtained for decorated planar binary trees. This paper also contains a description of the Loday-Ronco coproduct in terms of admissible cuts, comparable to the combinatorial description of the Connes-Kreimer coproduct on (planar) rooted trees.