Wavelet frames in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) (Q2188462)

The main purpose of the paper is to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of wavelet frames in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). A wavelet frame in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) is defined as follows. Let \(d, N \in \mathbb{N},\) and \(\{\psi^1, \psi^2, \ldots, \psi^N\} \subset L^2(\mathbb{R}^d).\) Define \[ \psi^{\ell}_{j,\overline{k}} (\overline{x}) = 2^{dj/2} \psi^{\ell}(2^j \overline{x} - \overline{k}) \] for \(\overline{x} \in \mathbb{R}^d,\) \(\overline{k} \in \mathbb{Z}^d,\) \(j \in \mathbb{Z},\) \(\ell = 1,2, \ldots, N.\) The system \(\{\psi^{\ell}_{j,\overline{k}}\}\) is called a wavelet frame for \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) if there exist constants \(0 < A \leq B < \infty\) such that \[ A \| f\|^2 \leq \sum_{\ell = 1}^N \sum_{j \in \mathbb{Z}} \sum_{\overline{k} \in \mathbb{Z}^d} |\langle f, \psi^{\ell}_{j,\overline{k}} \rangle|^2 \leq B \| f \|^2 \quad \forall f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d). \] Setting \(M_N = \{ 1, 2, \ldots, N\},\) the authors explicitly define the analysis operator \(\Phi\) for the frame \(\{\psi^{\ell}_{j,\overline{k}}\}\) from \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) into \(\ell^2(\mathbb{Z}^d) \otimes \ell^2(\mathbb{Z})\otimes \ell^2(M_N),\) and a synthesis operator \(\Phi^\ast\) from \(\ell^2(\mathbb{Z}^d) \otimes \ell^2(\mathbb{Z})\otimes \ell^2(M_N)\) into \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). This enables one to define the corresponding frame operator. The interplay between operator-valued frames (OPV frames) and wavelet frames are also discussed. OPV frames are defined as follows. Let \(\mathcal{H}\) and \(\mathcal{K}\) be Hilbert spaces, and \(\mathbb{J}\) be a countable set. For \(j \in \mathbb{J},\) let \(F_j \in \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}, \mathcal{K}).\) Then \(\{F_j\}_{j \in \mathbb{J}}\) is called an operator valued frame for \(\mathcal{H}\) with range in \(\mathcal{K}\) if there exist constants \(0 < A \leq B < \infty\) such that \[ A I \leq \sum_{j \in \mathbb{J}} F_j^* F_j \leq BI. \] Various applications of OPV frames in the theory of wavelet frames are discussed. Using OPV frames, various characterizations of wavelet frames, wavelet Riesz bases, and wavelet orthonormal bases are given. Further, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of dual wavelet frames are discussed using OPV frames. Finally, a characterization of a pair of biorthogonal Riesz bases is given, also using OPV frames.