The root-class residuality of tree products with central amalgamated subgroups (Q2191389)

\textit{ R. W, Gruenberg} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 7, 29--62 (1957; Zbl 0077.02901)] introduced the concept of root class. According to the Gruenberg definition, a class \(\mathcal{C}\) of groups is a root class whenever \(\mathcal{C}\) is closed under subgroups and direct products of finitely many factors, as well as satisfies the following condition: if \(1 \trianglelefteq Z \trianglelefteq Y \trianglelefteq X\) is a subnormal series of some group \(X\) such that \(X/Y, Y/Z \in \mathcal{C}\), then \(X\) contains a normal subgroup \(N\) such that \(N \leq Z\) and \(X/T\in \mathcal{C}\). Let \(\mathfrak{T}=(V,E)\) be a nonempty tree with vertex set \(V\) and edge set \(E\). Assigning to each vertex \(v \in V\) a group \(G_{v}\) and to each edge \(e = (v, w ) \in E\) a group \(H_{e}\) with injective homomorphisms \(\varphi_{e,v}: H_{e} \rightarrow G_{v}\) and \(\varphi_{e,w}: H_{e} \rightarrow G_{w}\), we obtain the \textit{tree of groups} which is usually still denoted by \(\mathfrak{T}\). Let \(\mathfrak{T}=(V,E)\) be a tree of groups, then define \[ \mathrm{FTP}(\mathfrak{T})=\langle G_{v} \mid H_{e,v}=H_{e,w}, v \in V, e=(v,w) \in E \rangle\] and \[ \mathrm{DTP}(\mathfrak{T})=\langle G_{v} \mid H_{e,v}=H_{e,w}, [G_{u}, G_{v}]=1, v,u \in V, v \not= u, e=(v,w) \in E \rangle.\] The group \(\mathrm{FTP}(\mathfrak{T})\) is called the \textit{tree product} of \(G_{v}\) (\(v \in V\)) and \(\mathrm{DTP}(\mathfrak{T})\) the \textit{direct tree product} of \(G_{v}\) (\(v \in V\)). The main theorem proved in the paper under review is Theorem 1: Given a tree \(\mathfrak{T}\) and a nontrivial root class \(\mathcal{C}\) of groups, suppose that for all \(e \in E\) and \(v \in e\) the subgroups \(H_{e,v}\) lie in the center of \(G_{v}\) and \(\mathrm{DTP}(\mathfrak{T}) \in \mathcal{C}\). Then \(\mathrm{FTP}(\mathfrak{T})\) is a \(\mathcal{C}\)-residual group. Also, in the case of a finite tree and a class \(\mathcal{C}\) closed under homomorphic images, the author proves a stronger statement (Theorem 2).