Approximation by classical orthogonal polynomials with weight in spaces \(L_{2, \gamma }(a,b)\) and widths of some functional classes (Q2191555)

Let \((a,b) \subset \mathbb{R}\) be a finite or infinite interval, and \(\gamma : (a,b)\to\) \([0,\infty)\) be a summable weight function which does not vanish on a set of positive measure. We set \(L_{2,\gamma}(a,b) :=\) \(\{ f : (a,b) \to \mathbb{R} \, \vert \, \gamma^{1/2} f \ \mbox{is summable with square on} \ (a,b) \},\) equipped with the norm \(\Vert f \Vert_{2,\gamma} := ( \int_{a}^{b} \gamma (x) f^{2}(x) \, dx )^{1/2}.\) We recall that the classical orthogonal polynomials \(p_{n}\) are orthogonal on interval \((a,b)\) with weight \(\gamma\) satisfying the differential equation \[ (\sigma (x) \gamma (x))' = \tau (x) \gamma (x), \] where \(\tau\) is a polynomial of first degree, and function \(\sigma\) equals \(\sigma (x) = \{ (x-a)(b-x),\) for \(-\infty < a < b < \infty;\) \(x-a,\) for \(a \in (-\infty, \infty),\) \(b=\infty;\) \(b-x,\) for \(a=-\infty,\) \(b \in (-\infty,\infty);\) \(1,\) for \(a=-\infty,\) \(b=\infty \}.\) Furthermore we consider the differential operator \[D_{\gamma} := \sigma (x) \frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+\tau (x) \frac{d}{dx},\] where \(\tau\) and \(\sigma\) are as above, and \(\gamma\) satisfies the above differential equation. Let \(D_{\gamma}^{0}:=f\) and \(D_{\gamma}^{r}:=D_{\gamma}(D_{\gamma}^{r-1}(f)),\) \(r\in \mathbb{N}.\) We set \(L_{2}^{r}(D_{\gamma};(a,b)) := \{ f \in L_{2,\gamma}(a,b) \, \vert \, f\) has absolutely continuous derivatives of \((2r-1)\)-th order such that \(D_{\gamma}^{r}(f) \in L_{2,\gamma}(a,b) \},\) and \(W_{2}^{r}(D_{\gamma},(a,b)) :=\) \(\{ f \in L_{2}^{r}(D_{\gamma};(a,b)) \, \vert \, \Vert D_{\gamma}^{r}(f) \Vert_{2,\gamma} \leq 1 \},\) \(r\in\mathbb{N},\) respectively. Finally we set \(W_{2}^{r}(\Omega_{m,\gamma}, \Psi;(a,b)) :=\) \(\{ f \in L_{2}^{r}(D_{\gamma};(a,b)) \, \vert \, \Omega_{m,\gamma}( D_{\gamma}^{r}(f),t) \leq \Psi (t) \ \mbox{for all} \ \) \(t \in (0,1) \},\) \(r\in\mathbb{Z}_{+},\) \(m\in\mathbb{N},\) where \(\Psi\) is a majorant (i.e. \(\Psi(0)=0\) and \(\Psi\) is a continuous increasing function on \([0,1]\)) and \(\Omega_{m,\gamma}\) is a generalized modulus of continuity of \(m\)-th order. Approximations of functions of classes \(W_{2}^{r}(D_{\gamma},(a,b)),\) \(r=2,3,\ldots,\) by classical orthogonal polynomials with a weight \(\gamma\) in the spaces \(L_{2,\gamma}(a,b)\) are investigated. Upper and lower estimates for different widths on the classes \(W_{2}^{r}(\Omega_{m,\gamma}, \Psi;(a,b))\) are obtained, and condition on majorant is established, which enables the computation of the exact values of widths.