On the spectra of a class of self-affine measures on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) (Q2192349)

The author investigates the spectral properties of a class of self-affine measures. More precisely, let \(0 < |\rho_i| < 1\), \(i=1,2\), let \(M := \mathrm{diag} (\rho^{-1},\rho^{-1})\) be an expanding real matrix, and let \(D\subset \mathbb{Z}^2\) be a three-element digit set with cardinality \(|D|\). Let \(\mu_{M,D}\) be the self-affine measure defined by \(\mu_{M,D}(\cdot) = \frac{1}{|D|}\sum\limits_{d\in D} \mu_{M,D}(M(\cdot)-d)\). Define \(F_3^2 := \frac13\left\{(l_1,l_2)^t : l_1,l_2\in \mathbb{N}^+, 0 < l_1,l_2 \leq 2\right\}\) and \(Z(m_D):=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^2 : e^{2\pi i \langle d, x\rangle} =0\}\). If \(a\in F_3^2\), \(Z(m_D) = \{\pm a\}\pmod{\mathbb{Z}^2}\), and \(\left\{x \in [0, 1)^2 : \sum\limits_{d \in D}e^{2\pi i \langle d, x\rangle} = |D|\right\} =\{(0,0)^t\}\), then \(L^2(\mu_{M,D}\)) has an exponential orthonormal basis if and only if \(\rho_i \in 3\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}\) for \(i= 1, 2\).