The construction of multipermutation solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of level 2 (Q2194762)

For a vector space \(V\), a \emph{solution of the Yang-Baxter equation} is a linear mapping \(r:V \otimes V \rightarrow r:V \otimes V\) such that \[ (id \otimes r)(r \otimes id)(id \otimes r) = (r \otimes id)(id \otimes r)(id \otimes r). \] If \(X\) is a basis of the space \(V\) and \(\sigma: X^2 \rightarrow X\) and \(\tau: X^2 \rightarrow X\) are two mappings, then \((X,\sigma,\tau)\) is a \emph{set-theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation} if \(r:X^2 \rightarrow X^2\), where \(r = (\sigma,\tau)\), satisfies the \emph{braid relation}: \[ (id \times r)(r \times id)(id \times r) = (r \times id)(id \times r)(id \times r). \] A solution is \emph{involutive}, if \(r^2 = id_{X^2}\). It is known [\textit{D. Stanovský}, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 15, No. 7, 931--933 (2006; Zbl 1108.57012); \textit{T. Gateva-Ivanova} and \textit{S. Majid}, J. Algebra 319, No. 4, 1462--1529 (2008; Zbl 1140.16016); \textit{P. Dehornoy}, Adv. Math. 282, 93--127 (2015; Zbl 1326.20039)] that there is a one-to-one correspodence between solutions of the Yang-Baxter equations and involutive \emph{biracks} -- algebras with a structure of two one-sided quasigroups satisfying some additional identities. This fact allows one to to characterise solutions of the Yang-Baxter equations applying universal algebra tools. The authors study involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equations of so-called multipermutational level \(2\) (investigated by, e.g., Etingof, Schedler, Soloviev, Gateva-Ivanova, Cameron). They provide an analysis of the relation between such solutions and algebraic properties of corresponding biracks. In particular, a simple-to-use method of constructing such solutions is given using abelian groups only. These solutions fall into two classes: distributive ones and non-distributive ones. Using a construction of medial quandles described earlier by the authors and Stanovský [\textit{P. Jedlička} et al., J. Algebra 443, 300--334 (2015; Zbl 1326.57026)], they construct the distributive solutions, and use it to enumerate all distributive involutive solution up to size \(14\). Then non-distributive solutions are constructed using a distributive solution and a permutation.