Quasi-squares of pseudocontinuable functions (Q2197813)

For \(2\leq p<\infty\), let \(H^p\) be the usual Hardy space on the unit disk, \({H^p_0=\{f\in H^p: f(0)=0\}}\), and \(K^p_\theta:=H^p\cap \theta \overline{H^p_0}\) an invariant subspace of the backward shift operator on \(H^p\) (also called a model space). Here \(\theta\in \mathcal I\), the set of non-constant inner functions. Finally, let \(H^1_w\) denote the weak Hardy space. For \(2<p<\infty\), the author shows the following result: there is a so-called superquadratic map \(S: H^2\to H^1_w\) (that is \(|S(\lambda f)|=|\lambda|^2 |Sf|\) and \(|Sf|\geq |f|^2\) a.e. on \(\mathbb T\)), such that for every \(f\in H^2\setminus \{0\}\), the image \(Sf\) is an outer function and such that \(S(K^p_\theta)\subseteq K_{\theta}^{p/2}\) for each \(\theta\in \mathcal I\) with \(\theta(0)=0\), \(S(H^p)\subseteq H^{p/2}\) and \(||Sf||_{p/2}\leq B_p||f||^2_p\). The constant \(B_p\) is given explicitely. The map \(S\) may be taken to have the form \[(Sf)(z)=\int_{\mathbb T} \frac{\zeta+z}{\zeta-z}|f(\zeta)|^2 dm(\zeta).\] If \(\theta(0)\not=0\), then such a map \(S_\theta\) exists, too (but depends on \(\theta\)) and \(B_p\) above has to be replaced by \[B_p\left(\frac{1+|\theta(0)|}{1-|\theta(0)|}\right)^2.\] In case \(p=2\) (or \(p=\infty\)), such a result is not possible, as is demonstrated in the paper.