On multiplicities of cocharacters for algebras with superinvolution (Q2200956)

The paper studies the growth of ideals of polynomial identities of algebras with additional structure, over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. The ideals of identities in characteristic 0 are generated by its multilinear elements. If \(A\) is an associative PI algebra with T-ideal \(Id(A)\) then \(Id(A)\) is generated, as a T-ideal, by the intersections \(P_n\cap Id(A)\). Here \(P_n\) is the span of all multilinear monomials in the free associative algebra \(F\langle X\rangle\) in the variables \(x_1\), \dots, \(x_n\). Here one assumes \(X=\{x_1,x_2, \dots\}\) is the set of free generators of \(F\langle X\rangle\). The vector space \(P_n\) has a natural structure of a left module over the symmetric group \(S_n\), and in fact it is isomorphic to the regular \(S_n\)-module. Hence \(P_n\cap Id(A)\) is a submodule. It is not very convenient to study it directly as \(P_n\cap Id(A)\) tends to become extremely large when \(n\) is large enough. One is led to study the factor module \(P_n(A) = P_n/(P_n\cap Id(A))\). The \(n\)-th codimension of \(A\), and of \(Id(A)\) is then \(c_n(A) = \dim P_n(A)\), and the \(n\)-th cocharacter of \(A\), and of \(Id(A)\) is the character of the \(S_n\)-module \(P_n(A)\). A celebrated theorem of \textit{A. Regev} [Isr. J. Math. 11, 131--152 (1972; Zbl 0249.16007)] states that if \(A\) satisfies an identity of degree \(d\) then \(c_n(A)\le (d-1)^{2n}\) for every \(n\). In fact Regev's theorem justifies the above statement since \(\dim P_n=n!\) and the exponential functions grow considerably slower than the factorial. The paper under review studies superalgebras, that is associative algebras equipped with a grading by the cyclic group of order 2, and with a superinvolution. The authors characterize the finitely generated superalgebras with superinvolution whose cocharacters have their multiplicities bounded by a constant. Their description is in terms of excluding two concretely given superalgebras from the corresponding variety. As a consequence of this result they prove that the codimensions of such superalgebras grow like polynomial functions if and only if the corresponding colengths are bounded by some constant. Recall that the \(n\)-th colength of \(A\) is the sum of all multiplicities in the \(n\)-th cocharacter of \(A\). Here we give all these notions in the case of ordinary identities; their exact definitions in the case of superalgebras with a superinvolution are the natural ones. We only recall that if \(Y=\{y_1,y_2,\ldots\}\) and \(Z=\{z_1,z_2,\ldots\}\) represent the variables of degree 0 and 1, respectively, in the 2-grading, one has to split \(Y\) and \(Z\) into symmetric and skew-symmetric ones with respect to the superinvolution. Hence the cocharacter corresponds to the action of the direct product of four symmetric groups (of possibly different orders), and analogously for the codimension sequences.