Superalgebras with involution or superinvolution and almost polynomial growth of the codimensions (Q2272711)

All algebras in the paper under review are associative and over a fixed field \(F\) of characteristic 0. Let \(A\) be a 2-graded algebra, \(A=A_0\oplus A_1\), and suppose \(*\) is an involution on \(A\) that respect the grading, or a superinvolution. The authors study in this paper the \(*\)-polynomial identities satisfied by such algebras \(A\). As the field is of characteristic 0 it is well known one may study the multilinear identities only. One of the principal numerical invariants of PI algebras is the codimension sequence. Estimates of its growth are of significant importance and can be used to classify the rates of growth of the ideals of identities. It is well known that the codimension sequence of a PI algebra grows at most exponentially. Of particular interest is the case when it grows ``polynomial-like'' that is when it is bounded by a polynomial function. In the ordinary case, it is well known that a variety of associative algebras is of polynomial growth of its codimensions if and only if the variety does not contain the infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra nor the algebra of \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices. The varieties generated by the latter two algebras are the only ones of almost polynomial growth: their codimensions grow like exponential functions but every proper subvariety is of polynomial growth. In the present paper the authors study \(*\) PI algebras. Here \(*\) is either a graded involution or a superinvolution. They obtain a classification of all such varieties of algebras of almost polynomial growth. Moreover they describe completely the subvarieties of such varieties. The finite dimensional case was settled in [\textit{A. Giambruno} et al., Algebr. Represent. Theory 19, No. 3, 599--611 (2016; Zbl 1352.16024); Linear Multilinear Algebra 64, No. 3, 484--501 (2016; Zbl 1342.16019)]. It turns out that in the general case there appear two additional algebras in addition to the two which were already described in the two papers cited above.