Polynomial growth and star-varieties. (Q886967)

Let \(A\) be an associative algebra with involution (\(*\)-algebra) over a field \(F\) of characteristic zero and let \(c^*_n(A)\), \(n=1,2,\ldots\), be its sequence of \(*\)-codimensions. Recall that \(c^*_n(A)\), \(n=1,2,\ldots\), is the dimension of the space of multilinear polynomials in \(n\) \(*\)-variables in the corresponding relatively free algebra with involution of countable rank. Given a variety of \(*\)-algebras \(\mathcal V\), the growth of \(\mathcal V\) is the growth of the sequence of \(*\)-codimensions of any algebra \(A\) generating \(\mathcal V\), i.e., \(\mathcal V=\mathrm{var}^*(A)\). The authors are interested in varieties of polynomial growth, i.e., varieties of \(*\)-algebras such that \(c^*_n(\mathcal V)=c^*_n(A)\) is polynomially bounded. They completely classify all subvarieties of the \(*\)-varieties of almost polynomial growth by giving a complete list of finite dimensional \(*\)-algebras generating them. Moreover they classify all their minimal subvarieties of polynomial growth, i.e., varieties \(\mathcal V\) satisfying the property: \(c^*_n(\mathcal V)\approx qn^k\) for some \(k>1\), \(q>0\), and for any proper subvariety \(\mathcal U\) of \(\mathcal V\), \(c^*_n(\mathcal U)\approx q'n^t\) with \(t<k\).