Unobstructedness of Galois deformation rings associated to regular algebraic conjugate self-dual cuspidal automorphic representations (Q2201801)

Let \(S\) be a finite set of primes and let \(\bar{r} : G_{\mathbb{Q},S} \to GL_n(\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p)\) be a continuous representation. Then \(\bar{r}\) is unobstructed if \[H^2(G_{F,S}, \mathrm{ad}^{0} \bar{r}) = 0.\] The significance of this condition is that the (fixed determinant) universal deformation ring for \(\bar{r}\) is then formally smooth. For the generalisation, let \(F\) be an imaginary quadratic extension of \(\mathbb{Q}\) and let \(\pi\) be a regular algebraic conjugate-self-dual cuspidal automorphic representation of \(GL_n(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{F}})\). Let \(S\) be a finite set of primes including those dividing a place where \(\pi\) is ramified. Then for each prime \(l\) there is a continuous representation \[r_{\pi, l} : G_{\mathbb{Q},S\cup\{l\}} \to \mathcal{G}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_l)\] where \(\mathcal{G}_n\) is the algebraic group defined in [\textit{L. Clozel} et al., Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 108, 1--181 (2008; Zbl 1169.11020)]. Theorem (Guiraud) Suppose that \begin{itemize} \item[1.] no two Hodge-Tate weights of \(\pi\) are consecutive; and \item[2.] for a set \(l\) of primes of Dirichlet density one, \(r_{\pi, l}|_{G_{F}}\) is absolutely irreducible. \end{itemize} Then, for \(l\) in a set of primes of Dirichlet density one, the representation \(\bar{r}_{\pi, l}\) is unobstructed. The first condition here is a genuine constraint, while the second is expected to always hold, and this is known in some situations (for example, if every alternating power of \(r_{\pi, l}\) has distinct Hodge-Tate weights). The theorem is actually proved with \(F\) replaced by any CM field. The theorem generalises results of [\textit{Y. Ihara} (ed.) et al., Galois groups over \({\mathbb{Q}}\). Proceedings of a workshop held at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Berkeley, CA (USA), March 23- 27, 1987. New York etc.: Springer-Verlag (1989; Zbl 0684.00005)] and \textit{T. Weston} [Am. J. Math. 126, No. 6, 1237--1252 (2004; Zbl 1071.11027)] for compatible families of Galois representations associated to elliptic curves or modular forms. The method of proof follows the same basic strategy of Weston, although the formulation is somewhat different. A related result is also proved in [\textit{Y. Liu} et al. ``On the Beilinson-Bloch-Kato conjecture for Rankin-Selberg motives'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1912.11942}, appendix E.8].