Multiple solutions of Kazdan-Warner equation on graphs in the negative case (Q2204083)

On a finite connecte graph \(G=(E,V)\), the authors consider the equation \(\Delta u+\kappa-K_\lambda e^{2u}=0\) where \(\kappa:V\to {\mathbb R}\) satisfies \(\int_V \kappa d\mu<\infty\), \(K_\lambda=K+\lambda\) and \(\lambda\in {\mathbb R}\), \(K:V\to {\mathbb R}\), \(\max_V K=0\). Using a variational approach, the authors obtain the existence of \(\lambda^*>0\) such that the above equation admits: (i) no solutions if \(\lambda>\lambda^*\); (ii) at least one solution if \(\lambda=\lambda^*\); (iii) at least two solutions for \(0<\lambda>\lambda^*\); (iv) a unique solution for \(\lambda\leq 0\).