The action spectrum characterizes closed contact 3-manifolds all of whose Reeb orbits are closed (Q2214028)

The main result is the following: Theorem. Let $(Y,\lambda)$ be a closed connected 3-manifold equipped with a contact form $\lambda$. Then the following three conditions are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] The contact manifold $(Y,\lambda)$ is a Besse manifold. \item[(ii)] The closed orbits of the Reeb flow $\phi^\tau_\lambda$ have a common period, i.e., there is $\tau>0$ such that $\tau/\tau'$ is an integer number for all $\tau'\in\sigma(Y,\lambda)$. \item[(iii)] The action spectrum $\sigma(Y,\lambda)$ is of rank 1. \end{itemize} A contact form $\lambda$ is called Zoll if it is Besse and its closed Reeb orbits have the same minimal period. From the theorem, it is deduced that a closed contact 3-manifold is Zoll if and only if its closed Reeb orbits have the same minimal period.