Lieb-Robinson bounds and strongly continuous dynamics for a class of many-body fermion systems in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) (Q2216159)

In the present paper the authors prove a Lieb-Robinson bound for a Schrödinger operator, deduce a propagation bound for many body fermion dynamics from that and use the second result to obtain strongly continuous infinite volume dynamics. To formulate the main results, let \(V \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) be a real-valued function which is the Fourier transform of a signed, even, compactly supported, finite measure \(\mu\), which is real-valued and bounded, and let \[ H_1 := -\Delta + V \] be the associated self-adjoint Schrödinger operator. Moreover, define for \(\sigma > 0\) and \(x \in \mathbb{R}^d\) \[ \varphi_x^\sigma(y) := \frac{1}{(2 \pi \sigma^2)^{d/2}} e^{-\frac{|y-x|^2}{2 \sigma^2}}, \quad y \in \mathbb{R}^d. \] Then the first main result is a Lieb-Robinson bound for \(H_1\), which reads as \[ \big| \langle e^{-i t H_1} f, \varphi_x^\sigma \rangle \big| \leq C_1 e^{C_2 |t| \ln |t|} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} e^{-\frac{C_3}{t^2+1}|x-y|} |f(y)| \mathrm{d} y, \] where \(C_1,C_2,C_3\) are positive constants, \(t \in \mathbb{R}\), and \(f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). To formulate the second main result, let \(W \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) be a real-valued, symmetric and short range function, let \(a\) and \(a^*\) be the annihilation and creation operator, respectively, in the anti-symmetric Fock space, and set for a bounded and measurable set \(\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^d\) and \(\sigma>0\) \[ W_\Lambda^\sigma := \frac{1}{2} \int_{\Lambda} \int_{\Lambda} W(x-y) a^*(\varphi_x^\sigma) a^*(\varphi_y^\sigma) a(\varphi_y^\sigma) a(\varphi_x^\sigma) \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{d}y. \] Further, let \(H_\Lambda^\sigma := \mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)+W_\Lambda^\sigma\), where \(\mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)\) is the second quantization of \(H_1\). Define for \(f,g \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^d) \cap L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) \[ \tau_t^\Lambda(a(f)) := e^{i t H_\Lambda^\sigma} a(f) e^{-i t H_\Lambda^\sigma}, \qquad \tau_t^\emptyset(a(f)) := e^{i t \mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)} a(f) e^{-i t \mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)}, \] and \[ F_t^\Lambda(f,g):= \big\| \{ \tau_t^\Lambda(a(f)), a^*(g) \} - \{ \tau_t^\emptyset(a(f)), a^*(g)\} \big\| + \big\| \{ \tau_t^\Lambda(a(f)), a(g) \} \big\|, \] where \(\{ \cdot, \cdot \}\) denotes the anti-commutator. Then the Lieb-Robinson bound \[ F_t^\Lambda(f,g) \leq D(t) (e^{P(t)}-1) \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} e^{-\frac{c_t|x-y|}{4}} |f(x)||g(y)| \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{d} y \] is shown, where \(D(t) \sim e^{c|t| |\ln |t||}\), \(P\) is a polynomial, and \(c_t \sim \frac{1}{1+t^2}\). Using this bound, the authors prove finally strongly continuous infinite volume dynamics. Namely, they show that for any increasing sequence \((\Lambda_n)\) with \(\cup \Lambda_n=\mathbb{R}^d\) and all \(f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) the limit \[ \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \tau_t^{\Lambda_n}(a(f)) \] exists and defines a strongly continuous one parameter group of automorphisms.