Lieb-Robinson bounds and strongly continuous dynamics for a class of many-body fermion systems in R^d

DOI10.1007/S00023-020-00959-5MaRDI QIDQ2216159zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Martin Gebert, Bruno Nachtergaele, Jake Reschke, Robert Sims

Publication date 15 December 2020

Published in Annales Henri Poincaré (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.12552

fermions many-body systems Schrödinger operators

PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Fermionic systems in quantum theory (81V74)

Abstract: We introduce a class of UV-regularized two-body interactions for fermions in

m a t h b b R^{d}

and prove a Lieb-Robinson estimate for the dynamics of this class of many-body systems. As a step toward this result, we also prove a propagation bound of Lieb-Robinson type for Schr"odinger operators. We apply the propagation bound to prove the existence of infinite-volume dynamics as a strongly continuous group of automorphisms on the CAR algebra.

Review text

In the present paper the authors prove a Lieb-Robinson bound for a Schrödinger operator, deduce a propagation bound for many body fermion dynamics from that and use the second result to obtain strongly continuous infinite volume dynamics. To formulate the main results, let \(V \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) be a real-valued function which is the Fourier transform of a signed, even, compactly supported, finite measure \(\mu\), which is real-valued and bounded, and let \[ H_1 := -\Delta + V \] be the associated self-adjoint Schrödinger operator. Moreover, define for \(\sigma > 0\) and \(x \in \mathbb{R}^d\) \[ \varphi_x^\sigma(y) := \frac{1}{(2 \pi \sigma^2)^{d/2}} e^{-\frac{|y-x|^2}{2 \sigma^2}}, \quad y \in \mathbb{R}^d. \] Then the first main result is a Lieb-Robinson bound for \(H_1\), which reads as \[ \big| \langle e^{-i t H_1} f, \varphi_x^\sigma \rangle \big| \leq C_1 e^{C_2 |t| \ln |t|} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} e^{-\frac{C_3}{t^2+1}|x-y|} |f(y)| \mathrm{d} y, \] where \(C_1,C_2,C_3\) are positive constants, \(t \in \mathbb{R}\), and \(f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\). To formulate the second main result, let \(W \in L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^d)\) be a real-valued, symmetric and short range function, let \(a\) and \(a^*\) be the annihilation and creation operator, respectively, in the anti-symmetric Fock space, and set for a bounded and measurable set \(\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^d\) and \(\sigma>0\) \[ W_\Lambda^\sigma := \frac{1}{2} \int_{\Lambda} \int_{\Lambda} W(x-y) a^*(\varphi_x^\sigma) a^*(\varphi_y^\sigma) a(\varphi_y^\sigma) a(\varphi_x^\sigma) \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{d}y. \] Further, let \(H_\Lambda^\sigma := \mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)+W_\Lambda^\sigma\), where \(\mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)\) is the second quantization of \(H_1\). Define for \(f,g \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^d) \cap L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) \[ \tau_t^\Lambda(a(f)) := e^{i t H_\Lambda^\sigma} a(f) e^{-i t H_\Lambda^\sigma}, \qquad \tau_t^\emptyset(a(f)) := e^{i t \mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)} a(f) e^{-i t \mathrm{d}\Gamma(H_1)}, \] and \[ F_t^\Lambda(f,g):= \big\| \{ \tau_t^\Lambda(a(f)), a^*(g) \} - \{ \tau_t^\emptyset(a(f)), a^*(g)\} \big\| + \big\| \{ \tau_t^\Lambda(a(f)), a(g) \} \big\|, \] where \(\{ \cdot, \cdot \}\) denotes the anti-commutator. Then the Lieb-Robinson bound \[ F_t^\Lambda(f,g) \leq D(t) (e^{P(t)}-1) \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} e^{-\frac{c_t|x-y|}{4}} |f(x)||g(y)| \mathrm{d} x \mathrm{d} y \] is shown, where \(D(t) \sim e^{c|t| |\ln |t||}\), \(P\) is a polynomial, and \(c_t \sim \frac{1}{1+t^2}\). Using this bound, the authors prove finally strongly continuous infinite volume dynamics. Namely, they show that for any increasing sequence \((\Lambda_n)\) with \(\cup \Lambda_n=\mathbb{R}^d\) and all \(f \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) the limit \[ \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \tau_t^{\Lambda_n}(a(f)) \] exists and defines a strongly continuous one parameter group of automorphisms.

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