Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation in a predator-prey model with age structure (Q2219314)

This paper deals with the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation of a predator-prey model where the predator has an age structure. More precicely the following system is studied: \[\begin{gathered} dU(t)/dt=rU(t)(1-\kappa^{-1}U(t))-A(t)U(t)(\alpha+U(t)^2), \\ \partial_tv(t,a)+\partial_av(t,a)=-Dv(t,a), \\ a\geq 0, \quad v(t,0)=\mu A(t)U(t) \alpha+U(t)^2, \quad t\geq 0, \end{gathered} \] associated with the initial conditions \[ U(0)=U_0\geq 0 \text{ and } v(0,a)=v_0(a)\in L^1(0,+\infty). \] Here \(A(t):=\int_{\tau}^tv(t,a)da,\) for \(\tau\) being a positive constant. The paper is organised as follows: In section 2, the set of equilibrium solutions is obtained. In section 3 the system is reformulated to an abstract Cauchy problem defined on the (non-dense) subspace \(\mathbb{R}\times\{0\}\times L^1(0,+\infty)\) of \(X:=\mathbb{R}^2\times L^1(0,+\infty)\). Section 4 is devoted to the linearised equation, while in section 5 the characteristic equation is obtained. In section 6 some conditions are given to produce a Bogdanov-Takens type singularity at \(0_X\) and then in section 7 the parameters which lead to Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation are determined. The authors give, also, the corresponding bifurcation diagram of the system. A numerical simulation is presented in the last section 8 of the paper.