On the ultradifferentiable normalization (Q2231149)

In general, there is a large gap between the \(C^\infty\) and analytical normalization. For instance, the small divisor is ``invisible'' in the classical theory of smooth conjugations. In practice, the orders of focus and saddle quantities decide the cyclicity for the degenerated Hopf bifurcation and homoclinic bifurcation. They are also hard to touch. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to show the application of the ultradifferential topology and quantitively describe such fine structures by the formal ultradifferential normalization. Inherited from the properties of both cases, the study of the ultradifferential normalization contains two parts. One is the ultradifferential cancellation of \(\infty\)-flat remainders as the Chen type theorems for \(C^\infty\) conjugations, which means that the formal ultradifferential normalization implies the real ultradifferential one. The other one is to get the precise quantity of the loss of ultradifferential smoothness in the formal ultradifferential norms generalized from the analytical case. In this work, we focus on the last part and show the quantitive loss of the formal ultradifferential smoothness in several instances. The work is motived by the work of L. Stolovitch and J. Pöschel.