On the persistence of lower-dimensional tori in reversible systems with hyperbolic-type degenerate equilibrium point under small perturbations (Q2233672)

The results of this paper generalize the work done in [\textit{X. Wang} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 387, No. 2, 776--790 (2012; Zbl 1260.37029); Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 35, No. 7, 2311--2333 (2015; Zbl 1351.37231)]. Here the authors study the effects of a small perturbation on invariant tori of a reversible system with hyperbolic-type degenerate equilibrium point. Consider the following dynamical system: \[ \begin{split} \dot{x} & = \omega+Q(x)y+P^1(x,y,u,v), \\ \dot{y} & = P^2(x,y,u,v), \\ \dot{u} & = N(v)+W(y,v)+P^3(x,y,u,v), \\ \dot{v} & = u +P^4(x,y,u,v), \end{split} \] where \((x,y,u,v)\in \mathbb{T}^n\times \mathbb{R}^m\times\mathbb{R}^p\times\mathbb{R}^p\) with \(m\geq n+3\), \(N(v)=(v_1^{2n_0+1},v_2^{2n_0+1})^\top\), \(W(y,v)=\sum_{1\leq i\leq m,~1\leq j\leq 2}(e_{ij}^1y_iv_j,~e_{ij}^2y_iv_j)^\top\), \(n_0\geq0\) is an integer and \(Q\) is an \(n\times m\) matrix. The corresponding involution \(G\) is \((x,y,u,v)\rightarrow(-x,y,-u,v)\). It is assumed that the dimension of the degenerate variable is greater than or equal to 2, i.e., \(p\geq2\). Within this framework and under some nondegeneracy and Diophantine conditions, the authors obtain the following result. Theorem. There exists a positive constant \(\epsilon>0\) such that if \(\|P^j\|_{s,r}\leq \epsilon~ (j=1,\dots,4)\), the perturbed system possesses an invariant \(n\)-torus with frequency \(\omega\). The proofs are based on KAM iteration and a normal form theorem for reversible systems with parameters. The key idea is to introduce some artificial external parameters and to consider a family of systems parametrized by \((\xi,\gamma)\). The original reversible system is obtained by setting \(\gamma=0\). The case \(n_0=0\) and \(\tilde{Q}(x)=0\) was considered earlier by \textit{B. Liu} [J. Differ. Equations 176, No. 1, 158--194 (2001; Zbl 1070.37045)]. The case \(p=1\) was studied by \textit{J. Xu} [J. Differ. Equations 250, No. 1, 551--571 (2011; Zbl 1217.34076); Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 33, No. 6, 2593--2619 (2013; Zbl 1278.34045)]. In the special case of \(p=1\) and \(l_1=1\), \textit{S. Hu} and \textit{B. Liu} [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 38, No. 8, 3735--3763 (2018; Zbl 1409.37062)] proved that the degenerate lower-dimensional invariant tori persists under small perturbations.